如何在Word文档中批量添加汉字注音

所谓的汉字注音,便是给汉字上方加注拼音。

如何在Word文档中批量添加汉字注音

在Office里面,这个功用叫做 “拼音攻略”(Phonetic Guide)

如何在Word文档中批量添加汉字注音

拼音攻略一次只可以处理最多30个字,一篇文章不可能只要30个字,上百个字是很正常的,人工处理就会很累。所以,需要做到自动化,做到自动化有两种办法可以做到:

  1. 调用Office的功用;
  2. 直接修正docx文档。

调用Office的功用

调用Office的功用又有两个途径:

  1. VBA;
  2. .net。

其实,这两种途径终究都是调用的Office提供的API。

VBA

我查过了VBA的材料,总共有3个API可用:

  1. FormatPhoneticGuide
  2. Range.PhoneticGuide method (Word)
  3. Application.GetPhonetic method (Excel)

网上最多的用是第一种,运用FormatPhoneticGuide宏,我试过是能用的,可是存在着一个很大的问题:它不可以定制拼音的款式。而且,相对来说不行安稳。

'Word批量运用默许款式加注拼音
Sub BatchAddPinYinByDefaultStyle()
    On Error Resume Next
    Selection.WholeStory
    TextLength = Selection.Characters.Count
    Selection.EndKey
    For i = TextLength To 0 Step -30
        If i < 30 Then
            Selection.MoveLeft Unit:=wdCharacter, Count:=i
            Selection.MoveRight(Unit:=wdCharacter, Count:=i,Extend:=wdExtend)
        Else
            Selection.MoveLeft Unit:=wdCharacter, Count:=30
            Selection.MoveRight(Unit:=wdCharacter, Count:=30,Extend:=wdExtend)
        End If
        SendKeys "{Enter}"
        Application.Run "FormatPhoneticGuide"
    Next
    Selection.WholeStory
End Sub

另外还有一个铲除注音的办法,用到了第二个API:

'Word批量铲除拼音
Sub CleanPinYin()
    Application.ScreenUpdating = False
    Selection.WholeStory
    TextLength = Selection.Characters.Count
    Selection.GoTo What:=wdGoToHeading, Which:=wdGoToAbsolute, Count:=1
    For i = 0 To TextLength
        With Selection
             .Range.PhoneticGuide Text:=""
        End With
        Selection.MoveRight Unit:=wdCharacter, Count:=1
    Next
    Selection.WholeStory
    Application.ScreenUpdating = True
End Sub

这一个API既可以铲除注音,也可以标明注音。只需要给Text赋值拼音即可。这个API好在可以定制拼音的款式,费事的是需要自己去核算出拼音,本来是找到了一个核算拼音的内置办法:GetPhonetic,可是,它只存在于Excel里面,在Word里面无法进行调用。

要完成内置的GetPhonetic,我在网上看到有两种完成办法:

  1. 自行完成的VBA,可是完成不行完整:github.com/StinkCat/CH…
  2. 运用golang写了一个RestFull服务器提供服务,然后提供给VBA调用:github.com/yangjianhua…

咱们来讨论第二种办法,比较灵敏。

首先是golang的拼音核算服务:

package main
import (
	"flag"
	"fmt"
	"strconv"
	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
	"github.com/mozillazg/go-pinyin"
)
var a pinyin.Args
func initPinyinArgs(arg int) { // arg should be pinyin.Tone, pinyin.Tone1, pinyin.Tone2, pinyin.Tone3, see go-pinyin doc
	a = pinyin.NewArgs()
	a.Style = arg
}
func getPinyin(c *gin.Context) {
	han := c.DefaultQuery("han", "")
	p := pinyin.Pinyin(han, a)
	c.JSON(200, gin.H{"code": 0, "data": p})
}
func getPinyinOne(c *gin.Context) {
	han := c.DefaultQuery("han", "")
	p := pinyin.Pinyin(han, a)
	s := ""
	if len(p) > 0 {
		s = p[0][0]
	}
	c.JSON(200, gin.H{"code": 0, "data": s})
}
func allowCors() gin.HandlerFunc {
	return func(c *gin.Context) {
		c.Writer.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*")
		c.Writer.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Credentials", "true")
		c.Writer.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Content-Type, Content-Length, Accept-Encoding, X-CSRF-Token, Authorization, accept, origin, Cache-Control, X-Requested-With")
		c.Writer.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "POST, OPTIONS, GET, PUT, DELETE")
		if c.Request.Method == "OPTIONS" {
			c.AbortWithStatus(204)
			return
		}
		c.Next()
	}
}
func main() {
	// init pinyin output format
	initPinyinArgs(pinyin.Tone)
	fmt.Print("\n\nDEFAULT PORT: 8080, USING '-port portnum' TO START ANOTHER PORT.\n\n")
	port := flag.Int("port", 8080, "Port Number, default 8080")
	flag.Parse()
	sPort := ":" + strconv.Itoa(*port)
	// using gin as a web output
	r := gin.Default()
	r.Use(allowCors())
	r.GET("/pinyin", getPinyin) // Call like GET http://localhost:8080/pinyin?han=我来了
	r.GET("/pinyin1", getPinyinOne)
	r.Run(sPort)
}

接着,咱们来封装自己的GetPhonetic

'从Json字符串中提取data字段的数据
Function getDataFromJSON(s As String) As String
    With CreateObject("VBScript.Regexp")
        .Pattern = """data"":""(.*)"""
        getDataFromJSON = .Execute(s)(0).SubMatches(0)
    End With
End Function
'运用http组件调用拼音转换服务获取拼音字符
Function GetPhonetic(strWord As String) As String
    Dim myURL As String
    Dim winHttpReq As Object
    Set winHttpReq = CreateObject("WinHttp.WinHttpRequest.5.1")
    myURL = "http://localhost:8080/pinyin1"
    myURL = myURL & "?han=" & strWord
    winHttpReq.Open "GET", myURL, False
    winHttpReq.Send
    GetPhonetic = getDataFromJSON(winHttpReq.responseText)
End Function
'测验GetPhonetic办法
Sub testGetPhonetic()
    ret = GetPhonetic("汗")
    MsgBox ret
End Sub

断定字符是否中文的办法:

'判别传入的Unicode是否为中文字符
Function isChinese(uniChar As Integer) As Boolean
    isChinese = uniChar >= 19968 Or uniChar < 0
End Function

最终组装生成拼音注音的VBA脚本:

' Word批量拼音注音
' Alignment 对齐办法, see: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/office/vba/api/word.wdphoneticguidealignmenttype
' Raise 偏移量(磅)
' FontSize 字号(磅)
' FontName 字体
Sub BatchAddPinYin()
    Application.ScreenUpdating = False
    Dim SelectText As String
    Dim PinYinText As String
    Selection.WholeStory
    TextLength = Selection.Characters.Count
    Selection.GoTo What:=wdGoToHeading, Which:=wdGoToAbsolute, Count:=1
    For i = 0 To TextLength
        Selection.MoveRight Unit:=wdCharacter, Count:=1
        Selection.MoveLeft Unit:=wdCharacter, Count:=1, Extend:=wdExtend
        With Selection
            SelectText = .Text '基准文字
            If isChinese(AscW(SelectText)) Then '判别是否为中文字符
                PinYinText = GetPhonetic(SelectText) '基准文字 转换为 拼音文字
                If PinYinText <> "" Then
                    .Range.PhoneticGuide Text:=PinYinText, Alignment:=wdPhoneticGuideAlignmentCenter, _
                    Raise:=0, _
                    FontSize:=10, _
                    FontName:="等线"
                End If
            End If
        End With
        Selection.MoveRight Unit:=wdCharacter, Count:=1
    Next
    Selection.WholeStory
    Application.ScreenUpdating = True
End Sub

根据golang服务代码的提供者所说,它比较显着的缺陷是对多音字的处理不如Word原来的拼音攻略,所以需要后期进行手工校对。

后期校对肯定是必须的,就好比古文里面还有一些通假字,发音是不一样的,这个,我想哪怕是拼音攻略也做不好的吧。

完整的BAS文件如下:

'判别传入的Unicode是否为中文字符
Function isChinese(uniChar As Integer) As Boolean
    isChinese = uniChar >= 19968 Or uniChar < 0
End Function
'从Json字符串中提取data字段的数据
Function getDataFromJSON(s As String) As String
    With CreateObject("VBScript.Regexp")
        .Pattern = """data"":""(.*)"""
        getDataFromJSON = .Execute(s)(0).SubMatches(0)
    End With
End Function
'运用http组件调用拼音转换服务获取拼音字符
Function GetPhonetic(strWord As String) As String
    Dim myURL As String
    Dim winHttpReq As Object
    Set winHttpReq = CreateObject("WinHttp.WinHttpRequest.5.1")
    myURL = "http://localhost:8080/pinyin1"
    myURL = myURL & "?han=" & strWord
    winHttpReq.Open "GET", myURL, False
    winHttpReq.Send
    GetPhonetic = getDataFromJSON(winHttpReq.responseText)
End Function
'测验GetPhonetic办法
Sub testGetPhonetic()
    ret = GetPhonetic("汗")
    MsgBox ret
End Sub
' Word批量拼音注音
' Alignment 对齐办法, see: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/office/vba/api/word.wdphoneticguidealignmenttype
' Raise 偏移量(磅)
' FontSize 字号(磅)
' FontName 字体
Sub BatchAddPinYin()
    Application.ScreenUpdating = False
    Dim SelectText As String
    Dim PinYinText As String
    Selection.WholeStory
    TextLength = Selection.Characters.Count
    Selection.GoTo What:=wdGoToHeading, Which:=wdGoToAbsolute, Count:=1
    For i = 0 To TextLength
        Selection.MoveRight Unit:=wdCharacter, Count:=1
        Selection.MoveLeft Unit:=wdCharacter, Count:=1, Extend:=wdExtend
        With Selection
            SelectText = .Text '基准文字
            If isChinese(AscW(SelectText)) Then '判别是否为中文字符
                PinYinText = GetPhonetic(SelectText) '基准文字 转换为 拼音文字
                If PinYinText <> "" Then
                    .Range.PhoneticGuide Text:=PinYinText, Alignment:=wdPhoneticGuideAlignmentCenter, _
                    Raise:=0, _
                    FontSize:=10, _
                    FontName:="等线"
                End If
            End If
        End With
        Selection.MoveRight Unit:=wdCharacter, Count:=1
    Next
    Selection.WholeStory
    Application.ScreenUpdating = True
End Sub
'Word批量运用默许款式加注拼音
Sub BatchAddPinYinByDefaultStyle()
    Application.ScreenUpdating = False
    On Error Resume Next
    Selection.WholeStory
    TextLength = Selection.Characters.Count
    Selection.EndKey
    For i = TextLength To 0 Step -30
        If i <= 30 Then
            Selection.MoveLeft Unit:=wdCharacter, Count:=i
            SelectText = Selection.MoveRight(Unit:=wdCharacter, Count:=i,Extend:=wdExtend)
        Else
            Selection.MoveLeft Unit:=wdCharacter, Count:=30
            SelectText = Selection.MoveRight(Unit:=wdCharacter, Count:=30,Extend:=wdExtend)
        End If
        SendKeys "{Enter}"
        Application.Run "FormatPhoneticGuide"
    Next
    Selection.WholeStory
    Application.ScreenUpdating = True
End Sub
'Word批量铲除拼音注音
Sub CleanPinYin()
    Application.ScreenUpdating = False
    Selection.WholeStory
    TextLength = Selection.Characters.Count
    Selection.GoTo What:=wdGoToHeading, Which:=wdGoToAbsolute, Count:=1
    For i = 0 To TextLength
        With Selection
             .Range.PhoneticGuide Text:=""
        End With
        Selection.MoveRight Unit:=wdCharacter, Count:=1
    Next
    Selection.WholeStory
    Application.ScreenUpdating = True
End Sub

.net

它其实也是调用的Office的API,这个跟VBA调用API没有本质上的差异,是一样的。

VS2022需要装置:Visual Studio Tools for Office(VSTO)

然后,在项目当中引用程序集:Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word ,VS2022有14和15版本。

我本机的是Office16,而vs2022并没有提供相关的程序集,所以我没有办法运用,也就没有做进一步的探索了。

我查文档在Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word命名空间下,有一个Range.PhoneticGuide办法,接口看起来跟VBA调用的差不多,运用上应该也是差不太多的。

直接修正docx文档

docx的文档本质上是一个经过了zip压缩的OpenXML文档。

基本上,主流的办公软件都支持这样一个标准:微软Office、苹果iWork、WPS Office、Google Docs。

拼音攻略在Office Open XML中的类型名是:CT_Ruby

Ruby,Wiki百科中解释为:注音,或称注音标识、加注音、标拼音、拼音攻略。

文档可见于:

  • schemas.liquid-technologies.com/OfficeOpenX…
  • learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/dotne…

我略微研讨了下,拼音攻略的节点:<w:ruby>

其下面有若干个子节点:

  1. <w:rubyPr>是拼音攻略的款式,
  2. <w:rt>是拼音攻略的拼音文字,
  3. <w:rubyBase>是拼音攻略的基准文字。

一个比较完整的拼音攻略的XML是这样的:

<w:ruby>
    <w:rubyPr>
        <w:rubyAlign w:val="center"/>
        <w:hps w:val="26"/>
        <w:hpsRaise w:val="50"/>
        <w:hpsBaseText w:val="52"/>
        <w:lid w:val="zh-CN"/>
    </w:rubyPr>
    <w:rt>
        <w:r w:rsidR="00002ED0" w:rsidRPr="00002ED0">
            <w:rPr>
                <w:rFonts w:ascii="等线" w:eastAsia="等线" w:hAnsi="等线"/>
                <w:color w:val="333333"/>
                <w:sz w:val="26"/>
                <w:shd w:val="clear" w:color="auto" w:fill="FFFFFF"/>
            </w:rPr>
            <w:t>din</w:t>
        </w:r>
    </w:rt>
    <w:rubyBase>
        <w:r w:rsidR="00002ED0">
            <w:rPr>
                <w:rFonts w:ascii="华文楷体" w:eastAsia="华文楷体" w:hAnsi="华文楷体"/>
                <w:color w:val="333333"/>
                <w:sz w:val="52"/>
                <w:shd w:val="clear" w:color="auto" w:fill="FFFFFF"/>
            </w:rPr>
            <w:t></w:t>
        </w:r>
    </w:rubyBase>
</w:ruby>

参考材料

  • Office_Open_XML – WikiPedia
  • 求解MacroName:=”FormatPhoneticGuide” ‘运行拼音攻略 在vba中的初始化办法
  • 获取汉字拼音函数GetPhonetic的问题
  • 有没有给大批量中文加拼音的宏?
  • Word批量加注拼音/铲除拼音
  • Add pinyin to all text using MS word.
  • VBA实践+word快速全文加拼音