今天继续共享内核枚举系列知识,这次咱们来学习如何经过代码的方法枚举内核IoTimer
定时器,内核定时器其实便是在内核中完成的时钟,该定时器的枚举十分简单,因为在IoInitializeTimer
初始化部分就可以找到IopTimerQueueHead
地址,该变量内存储的便是定时器的链表头部。枚举IO定时器的案例并不多见,即使有也是无法运用过时的,此教程学到肯定便是赚到了。
枚举Io定时器过程是这样的:
- 1.找到
IoInitializeTimer
函数,该函数可以经过MmGetSystemRoutineAddress
得到。 - 2.找到地址以后,咱们向下增加
0xFF
偏移量,并查找特征定位到IopTimerQueueHead
链表头。 - 3.将链表头转换为
IO_TIMER
结构体,并循环链表头输出。
这里解释一下为什么要找IoInitializeTimer
这个函数他是一个初始化函数,既然是初始化里边一定会涉及到链表的存储问题,找到他就能找到定时器链表基址,该函数的界说如下。
NTSTATUS
IoInitializeTimer(
IN PDEVICE_OBJECT DeviceObject, // 设备目标指针
IN PIO_TIMER_ROUTINE TimerRoutine, // 定时器例程
IN PVOID Context // 传给定时器例程的函数
);
接着咱们需求得到IO定时器的结构界说,在DEVICE_OBJECT
设备目标指针中存在一个Timer
特点。
lyshark.com: kd> dt _DEVICE_OBJECT
ntdll!_DEVICE_OBJECT
+0x000 Type : Int2B
+0x002 Size : Uint2B
+0x004 ReferenceCount : Int4B
+0x008 DriverObject : Ptr64 _DRIVER_OBJECT
+0x010 NextDevice : Ptr64 _DEVICE_OBJECT
+0x018 AttachedDevice : Ptr64 _DEVICE_OBJECT
+0x020 CurrentIrp : Ptr64 _IRP
+0x028 Timer : Ptr64 _IO_TIMER
+0x030 Flags : Uint4B
+0x034 Characteristics : Uint4B
+0x038 Vpb : Ptr64 _VPB
+0x040 DeviceExtension : Ptr64 Void
+0x048 DeviceType : Uint4B
+0x04c StackSize : Char
+0x050 Queue : <anonymous-tag>
+0x098 AlignmentRequirement : Uint4B
+0x0a0 DeviceQueue : _KDEVICE_QUEUE
+0x0c8 Dpc : _KDPC
+0x108 ActiveThreadCount : Uint4B
+0x110 SecurityDescriptor : Ptr64 Void
+0x118 DeviceLock : _KEVENT
+0x130 SectorSize : Uint2B
+0x132 Spare1 : Uint2B
+0x138 DeviceObjectExtension : Ptr64 _DEVOBJ_EXTENSION
+0x140 Reserved : Ptr64 Void
这里的这个+0x028 Timer
定时器是一个结构体_IO_TIMER
其便是IO定时器的所需结构体。
lyshark.com: kd> dt _IO_TIMER
ntdll!_IO_TIMER
+0x000 Type : Int2B
+0x002 TimerFlag : Int2B
+0x008 TimerList : _LIST_ENTRY
+0x018 TimerRoutine : Ptr64 void
+0x020 Context : Ptr64 Void
+0x028 DeviceObject : Ptr64 _DEVICE_OBJECT
如上方的基础知识有了也就够了,接着便是实际开发部分,首要咱们需求编写一个GetIoInitializeTimerAddress()
函数,让该函数可以定位到IoInitializeTimer
所在内核中的基地址上面,详细完成调用代码如下所示。
#include <ntifs.h>
// 得到IoInitializeTimer基址
// By: LyShark 内核开发系列教程
PVOID GetIoInitializeTimerAddress()
{
PVOID VariableAddress = 0;
UNICODE_STRING uioiTime = { 0 };
RtlInitUnicodeString(&uioiTime, L"IoInitializeTimer");
VariableAddress = (PVOID)MmGetSystemRoutineAddress(&uioiTime);
if (VariableAddress != 0)
{
return VariableAddress;
}
return 0;
}
VOID UnDriver(PDRIVER_OBJECT driver)
{
DbgPrint(("Uninstall Driver Is OK \n"));
}
NTSTATUS DriverEntry(IN PDRIVER_OBJECT Driver, PUNICODE_STRING RegistryPath)
{
DbgPrint(("hello lyshark.com \n"));
// 得到基址
PUCHAR IoInitializeTimer = GetIoInitializeTimerAddress();
DbgPrint("IoInitializeTimer Address = %p \n", IoInitializeTimer);
Driver->DriverUnload = UnDriver;
return STATUS_SUCCESS;
}
运转这个驱动程序,然后对比下是否一致:
接着咱们在反汇编代码中寻找IoTimerQueueHead
,此处在LyShark体系内这个偏移方位是nt!IoInitializeTimer+0x5d
详细输出方位如下。
lyshark.com: kd> uf IoInitializeTimer
nt!IoInitializeTimer+0x5d:
fffff805`74b85bed 488d5008 lea rdx,[rax+8]
fffff805`74b85bf1 48897018 mov qword ptr [rax+18h],rsi
fffff805`74b85bf5 4c8d054475e0ff lea r8,[nt!IopTimerLock (fffff805`7498d140)]
fffff805`74b85bfc 48897820 mov qword ptr [rax+20h],rdi
fffff805`74b85c00 488d0dd9ddcdff lea rcx,[nt!IopTimerQueueHead (fffff805`748639e0)]
fffff805`74b85c07 e8141e98ff call nt!ExInterlockedInsertTailList (fffff805`74507a20)
fffff805`74b85c0c 33c0 xor eax,eax
在WinDBG中标注出色彩lea rcx,[nt!IopTimerQueueHead (fffff805748639e0)]
更容易看到。
接着便是经过代码完成对此处的定位,定位咱们就选用特征码查找的方法,如下代码是特征查找部分。
- StartSearchAddress 代表开端方位
- EndSearchAddress 代表结束方位,大略计算0xff就可以定位到了。
#include <ntifs.h>
// 得到IoInitializeTimer基址
// By: LyShark 内核开发系列教程
PVOID GetIoInitializeTimerAddress()
{
PVOID VariableAddress = 0;
UNICODE_STRING uioiTime = { 0 };
RtlInitUnicodeString(&uioiTime, L"IoInitializeTimer");
VariableAddress = (PVOID)MmGetSystemRoutineAddress(&uioiTime);
if (VariableAddress != 0)
{
return VariableAddress;
}
return 0;
}
VOID UnDriver(PDRIVER_OBJECT driver)
{
DbgPrint(("Uninstall Driver Is OK \n"));
}
NTSTATUS DriverEntry(IN PDRIVER_OBJECT Driver, PUNICODE_STRING RegistryPath)
{
DbgPrint(("hello lyshark.com \n"));
// 得到基址
PUCHAR IoInitializeTimer = GetIoInitializeTimerAddress();
DbgPrint("IoInitializeTimer Address = %p \n", IoInitializeTimer);
INT32 iOffset = 0;
PLIST_ENTRY IoTimerQueueHead = NULL;
PUCHAR StartSearchAddress = IoInitializeTimer;
PUCHAR EndSearchAddress = IoInitializeTimer + 0xFF;
UCHAR v1 = 0, v2 = 0, v3 = 0;
for (PUCHAR i = StartSearchAddress; i < EndSearchAddress; i++)
{
if (MmIsAddressValid(i) && MmIsAddressValid(i + 1) && MmIsAddressValid(i + 2))
{
v1 = *i;
v2 = *(i + 1);
v3 = *(i + 2);
// 三个特征码
if (v1 == 0x48 && v2 == 0x8d && v3 == 0x0d)
{
memcpy(&iOffset, i + 3, 4);
IoTimerQueueHead = (PLIST_ENTRY)(iOffset + (ULONG64)i + 7);
DbgPrint("IoTimerQueueHead = %p \n", IoTimerQueueHead);
break;
}
}
}
Driver->DriverUnload = UnDriver;
return STATUS_SUCCESS;
}
查找三个特征码v1 == 0x48 && v2 == 0x8d && v3 == 0x0d
然后得到内存方位,运转驱动对比下。
- 运转代码会取出
lea
指令后边的操作数,而不是取出lea指令的内存地址。
最终一步便是枚举部分,咱们需求前面提到的IO_TIMER
结构体界说。
- PIO_TIMER Timer = CONTAINING_RECORD(NextEntry, IO_TIMER, TimerList) 得到结构体,循环输出即可。
// By: LyShark 内核开发系列教程
// https://www.cnblogs.com/LyShark/articles/16784393.html
#include <ntddk.h>
#include <ntstrsafe.h>
typedef struct _IO_TIMER
{
INT16 Type;
INT16 TimerFlag;
LONG32 Unknown;
LIST_ENTRY TimerList;
PVOID TimerRoutine;
PVOID Context;
PVOID DeviceObject;
}IO_TIMER, *PIO_TIMER;
// 得到IoInitializeTimer基址
PVOID GetIoInitializeTimerAddress()
{
PVOID VariableAddress = 0;
UNICODE_STRING uioiTime = { 0 };
RtlInitUnicodeString(&uioiTime, L"IoInitializeTimer");
VariableAddress = (PVOID)MmGetSystemRoutineAddress(&uioiTime);
if (VariableAddress != 0)
{
return VariableAddress;
}
return 0;
}
VOID UnDriver(PDRIVER_OBJECT driver)
{
DbgPrint("卸载完成... \n");
}
NTSTATUS DriverEntry(IN PDRIVER_OBJECT Driver, PUNICODE_STRING RegistryPath)
{
DbgPrint(("hello lyshark.com \n"));
// 得到基址
PUCHAR IoInitializeTimer = GetIoInitializeTimerAddress();
DbgPrint("IoInitializeTimer Address = %p \n", IoInitializeTimer);
// 查找IoTimerQueueHead地址
/*
nt!IoInitializeTimer+0x5d:
fffff806`349963cd 488d5008 lea rdx,[rax+8]
fffff806`349963d1 48897018 mov qword ptr [rax+18h],rsi
fffff806`349963d5 4c8d05648de0ff lea r8,[nt!IopTimerLock (fffff806`3479f140)]
fffff806`349963dc 48897820 mov qword ptr [rax+20h],rdi
fffff806`349963e0 488d0d99f6cdff lea rcx,[nt!IopTimerQueueHead (fffff806`34675a80)]
fffff806`349963e7 e8c43598ff call nt!ExInterlockedInsertTailList (fffff806`343199b0)
fffff806`349963ec 33c0 xor eax,eax
*/
INT32 iOffset = 0;
PLIST_ENTRY IoTimerQueueHead = NULL;
PUCHAR StartSearchAddress = IoInitializeTimer;
PUCHAR EndSearchAddress = IoInitializeTimer + 0xFF;
UCHAR v1 = 0, v2 = 0, v3 = 0;
for (PUCHAR i = StartSearchAddress; i < EndSearchAddress; i++)
{
if (MmIsAddressValid(i) && MmIsAddressValid(i + 1) && MmIsAddressValid(i + 2))
{
v1 = *i;
v2 = *(i + 1);
v3 = *(i + 2);
// fffff806`349963e0 48 8d 0d 99 f6 cd ff lea rcx,[nt!IopTimerQueueHead (fffff806`34675a80)]
if (v1 == 0x48 && v2 == 0x8d && v3 == 0x0d)
{
memcpy(&iOffset, i + 3, 4);
IoTimerQueueHead = (PLIST_ENTRY)(iOffset + (ULONG64)i + 7);
DbgPrint("IoTimerQueueHead = %p \n", IoTimerQueueHead);
break;
}
}
}
// 枚举列表
KIRQL OldIrql;
// 获得特权级
OldIrql = KeRaiseIrqlToDpcLevel();
if (IoTimerQueueHead && MmIsAddressValid((PVOID)IoTimerQueueHead))
{
PLIST_ENTRY NextEntry = IoTimerQueueHead->Flink;
while (MmIsAddressValid(NextEntry) && NextEntry != (PLIST_ENTRY)IoTimerQueueHead)
{
PIO_TIMER Timer = CONTAINING_RECORD(NextEntry, IO_TIMER, TimerList);
if (Timer && MmIsAddressValid(Timer))
{
DbgPrint("IO目标地址: %p \n", Timer);
}
NextEntry = NextEntry->Flink;
}
}
// 康复特权级
KeLowerIrql(OldIrql);
Driver->DriverUnload = UnDriver;
return STATUS_SUCCESS;
}
运转这段源代码,并可得到以下输出,由于没有IO定时器所以输出结果是空的:
至此IO定时器的枚举就介绍完了,在教程中你已经学会了运用特征码定位这门技能,相信你完全可以输出内核中想要得到的任何结构体。