布景
本瓜最近在了解 notion 的交互规划思想，读到它起源于 道格拉斯恩格尔巴特
道格推断出：
1.他想将工作专注在让国际变得更好上面；
2.任何让国际变得更好的都是团体协作的结果；
3.使用人类团体的才智来找到有用的解决办法是问题的要害；
4.若能大幅度地提高团体才智，就能推进每一个重要问题的解决；
5.核算机或许作为大幅度地提高人类这一才能的工具。
而他又是在年轻时受启发于一篇文章—— 《诚如所思》，所以本瓜想稍稍作深化地阅读，以期用先贤的才智照亮我辈。
所以本篇带来节选分享，以及一些杂思。
核心观念
科学使人类摆脱了本身捆绑
原文：
Of what lasting benefit has been man’s use of science and of the new instruments which his research brought into existence? First, they have increased his control of his material environment. They have improved his food, his clothing, his shelter; they have increased his security and released him partly from the bondage of bare existence. They have given him increased knowledge of his own biological processes so that he has had a progressive freedom from disease and an increased span of life. They are illuminating the interactions of his physiological and psychological functions, giving the promise of an improved mental health.
翻译：
人类使用科学、使用从研讨中开发的新型设备所带来的长久利益是什么？首要，它们增强了人类对本身物质环境的控制力。它们改进了人类“衣、食、住”三方面；增强了人类的安全感，也使人类部分摆脱了本身捆绑。它们增加了人类对其本身生命进程的了解，使人类逐渐摆脱疾病，延伸寿命。它们启发人类了解其身心功能的交互作用，有望改进人类的心理健康。
杂思：
“使用科学”改动了咱们日子中的方方面面，不止是在一些大事上，而在许多细节上；上述（改进衣食住行、增进了解、延伸寿命）是咱们常常会谈到的大的方向。有些细节改动是咱们没关注到、但实践影响很大的？比方云存储的使用-微信保藏功能（其它平台也类似都有），顺手遇到一些多媒体信息，觉得喜爱或者今后会用到，就先保藏。然后体系就主动依据类型归类，到时可以经过检索功能得到所想要的。这样的办法，会比自己创立一个云空间、手动同步更新，要更轻松、天然。保藏的时间久了、信息多了，对一切信息作更细化的分类、打标签，或许就会分析出更多定论、然后被拿去更多事，比方推广告等等。简而言之，“个性化推荐”对咱们影响很大，咱们存在信息茧房里出不来，再往后展开，假如极端一点，是不是会有点像《火影忍者》里完成无限月读一样？每个人被裹成木乃伊、吊在神树上做梦，只要你喜爱的，“梦境”（网络虚拟）都会给你。谜之提问：使用科技展开的走向真的是人为可控的吗？假如不是，可控的比例能核算吗？大约占多少？
协作的重要性
原文：
There is a growing mountain of research. But there is increased evidence that we are being bogged down today as specialization extends. The investigator is staggered by the findings and conclusions of thousands of other workers—conclusions which he cannot find time to grasp, much less to remember, as they appear. Yet specialization becomes increasingly necessary for progress, and the effort to bridge between disciplines is correspondingly superficial.
翻译：
人类正在展开大规模的研讨，可是更多依据标明，现在随着专业化的延伸人类正在逐渐走入窘境。研讨人员看起来一时无法把握其他研讨者所提出的数以万计的研讨成果和定论，可以回忆下来的更是少之又少。而专业化对科学开展来说变得越来越重要，相对地，在学科之间架起桥梁的尽力也越来越表面化。
杂思：
信息存储在现在几乎不再是“窘境”，谁都能容易获得几百G、甚至上T的空间来存储，而 1G 的文本就有上亿的字。什么是“窘境”？用存储的信息得出有用的定论，然后使用定论，是“窘境”！依据数据得出定论很简略、直白，可是要得出能“使用”的定论，就很难了。再用“个性化推荐”举例，除了广告，如同也很难再去变现。有些信息可以帮助作下一步的决议计划、有些信息触及隐私窥探人心。在专业领域中，依据信息的定论更难分散、使用，隔行如隔山，让外行听懂你专业上的意思，真的不简略。这也就是说，假如加强协作、抽取共通的想法、规划共通的模型，一同去建设，能更好使用“由存储得到的定论”，但这真的很难！
信息爆破
原文：
The difficulty seems to be, not so much that we publish unduly in view of the extent and variety of present day interests, but rather that publication has been extended far beyond our present ability to make real use of the record. The summation of human experience is being expanded at a prodigious rate, and the means we use for threading through the consequent maze to the momentarily important item is the same as was used in the days of square-rigged ships.
翻译：
咱们所面临的难题看起来并不是咱们从当时兴趣的深度和广度动身宣布了不恰当的观念，而是咱们现有才能底子不足以使这些观念发生多大影响。人类获取的经历正在以飞快的速度增加，而咱们从常识迷宫中获取信息与常识的办法，却与过去造横帆船时一样工程浩大。
杂思：
诚如上文所说，咱们现在并不缺“存储信息”的才能，缺的是：提取有用信息的才能、使用有用信息的才能；在互联网年代，每个人都能宣布观念，复刻观念更是轻而易举。面对一个新式观念，咱们好像无从谈起，所以说模仿爆款是成为爆款的最佳途径，这里是不是“传媒”会发挥很大的力气？或许，传媒和人工智能是信息年代造船的要害两要素。
机器年代
原文：
Machines with interchangeable parts can now be constructed with great economy of effort. In spite of much complexity, they perform reliably. Witness the humble typewriter, or the movie camera, or the automobile. Electrical contacts have ceased to stick when thoroughly understood. Note the automatic telephone exchange, which has hundreds of thousands of such contacts, and yet is reliable. A spider web of metal, sealed in a thin glass container, a wire heated to brilliant glow, in short, the thermionic tube of radio sets, is made by the hundred million, tossed about in packages, plugged into sockets—and it works! Its gossamer parts, the precise location and alignment involved in its construction, would have occupied a master craftsman of the guild for months; now it is built for thirty cents. The world has arrived at an age of cheap complex devices of great reliability; and something is bound to come of it.
翻译：
如今人们能非常省力的生产出带有互换零件的机器，虽然构造非常杂乱，但功能很牢靠。简陋的打印机，或电影拍摄机，或轿车就是证明。当人们深化了解之后，电触点材料就不再粘连了。注意一下主动电话交换台，虽然有着数以十万计的联络，可是很牢靠。金属交织的丝网，密封在一个薄薄的玻璃容器里，钢丝加热就会得到亮堂的光芒；收音机里的热离子管，简略地说，是由一亿个金属丝组成，反复密封，刺进插座——然后它就工作了。在制作时触及的游丝部分的精确定位和调整或许会占用专业技师数月的时间，而现在完成它只需三十美分。事实上，一个可生产具有牢靠性、廉价的、杂乱的仪器的年代现已到来，咱们必定会从中获得一些新的事物。
杂思：
没人会质疑现在是科技年代、信息年代、机器年代，假如固步自封、凭空捏造，耗尽心血，也不能创造出新的什么。这是客观上的展开，任何演进都要联络机器、联络互联网、让自己被看到，让更多人参加。何况，独自的个体能做的太少了、太少了，一个芯片，杂乱程度不是个体能幻想的，现在它们杂乱又精确，还又廉价，不去借势展开，面临的必定是被淘汰。
输出与输入
原文：
A record if it is to be useful to science, must be continuously extended, it must be stored, and above all it must be consulted. Today we make the record conventionally by writing and photography, followed by printing; but we also record on film, on wax disks, and on magnetic wires. Even if utterly new recording procedures do not appear, these present ones are certainly in the process of modification and extension.
翻译：
假如一条记载对科学具有实用价值，它必然会得到不断扩展，人们也有必要把它存储下来，而最重要的就是它有必要可以被查询到。现在依照惯例，咱们通常是将记载以书面和拍摄的办法存储下来，其次可经过印刷办法；咱们也使用胶片、增大磁盘以及录音磁线来存储记载，即使不会呈现一些全新的记载办法，当时这些办法也必定会得到不断地修正与扩展。
杂思：
记载必定会有价值吗？不必定，现在是以为：仔细的记载必定会有价值。我想，这是这篇文叫《诚如所思》真实的原因。真实怎样考虑的，就记载下来，真挚是必杀技，而不是“用垃圾信息充满互联网环境”。但有时分会觉得没有想说的，这个时分就是要输出了，输出可以引导输出，咱们将别人的想法输入到自己脑袋中，然后吸收，然后考虑，然后再输出，这就是一种“不断修正与扩展”的进程。
预言成真
作者关于摄影技能、打印技能、存储技能的预言，在 21 世纪都成真了！！
现在做到的比以往更令人惊奇，就比方 notion 的 AI 技能，你想写任何东西，都可以借助它：
人与机器
原文：
All else he should be able to turn over to his mechanism, just as confidently as he turns over the propelling of his car to the intricate mechanism under the hood. Only then will mathematics be practically effective in bringing the growing knowledge of atomistics to the useful solution of the advanced problems of chemistry, metallurgy, and biology. For this reason there still come more machines to handle advanced mathematics for the scientist. Some of them will be sufficiently bizarre to suit the most fastidious connoisseur of the present artifacts of civilization.
翻译：
除此之外，它还应该具有运用数学原理的才能，就像他信心满满依据轿车的杂乱原理在敞篷下替换轿车驱动一样。只有到那时，数学家才能实践有用地使用核子物理学日益更新的常识解决化学、冶金学和生物学的高端问题。为此，将呈现更多为科学家所能使用的用以解决高等数学的仪器。有些仪器会非常奇特，可以满足最吹毛求疵的判定现在文明社会中呈现的人工制品的判定家的口味。
杂思：
数学家不该该是会做算术、算的很 6 的人，而是要有数学思想、对数学有直觉、嗅觉的人，现在谁也算不过核算机；就像现在画家，不该是画的快、画的好的人，如今人工智能画画也贼 6，真实的画家应该是有创造力、幻想力。这种可以类比到许多集体上、建筑家、程序员、作家等等；
私家图书馆
原文：
The human mind does not work that way. It operates by association. With one item in its grasp, it snaps instantly to the next that is suggested by the association of thoughts, in accordance with some intricate web of trails carried by the cells of the brain. It has other characteristics, of course; trails that are not frequently followed are prone to fade, items are not fully permanent, memory is transitory. Yet the speed of action, the intricacy of trails, the detail of mental pictures, is awe-inspiring beyond all else in nature.
Man cannot hope fully to duplicate this mental process artificially, but he certainly ought to be able to learn from it. In minor ways he may even improve, for his records have relative permanency. The first idea, however, to be drawn from the analogy concerns selection. Selection by association, rather than indexing, may yet be mechanized. One cannot hope thus to equal the speed and flexibility with which the mind follows an associative trail, but it should be possible to beat the mind decisively in regard to the permanence and clarity of the items resurrected from storage.
Consider a future device for individual use, which is a sort of mechanized private file and library. It needs a name, and, to coin one at random, “memex” will do. A memex is a device in which an individual stores all his books, records, and communications, and which is mechanized so that it may be consulted with exceeding speed and flexibility. It is an enlarged intimate supplement to his memory.
翻译
人类有自己的思想方式。大脑经过联合来运转。脑筋攫取一项信息后，沿着大脑细胞运转轨道所构成的极为杂乱网络，脑筋会立即联想到另外一条信息。当然它还有其他特征;常常不被追寻到的轨道就易于淡忘，脑筋中的信息不是永久保存的，回忆是暂时的。而人类行为的速度，脑筋轨道的杂乱性，幻想的细致入微，是天然界一切其他的生灵所不及的，这真是令人惊叹。
人类不能希望人工的完全仿制精神进程，可是人类肯定能从这个进程中学到东西。至少人类可以前进，因为人类得到的常识是相对耐久的。而第一个类推出来的想法就关系到挑选，经过联想的办法挑选而非经过索引的办法挑选，索引的办法或许更机械化一些。于是人类不能希望将思想联想的速度和灵活性同等起来，可是考虑到从脑筋的存储中再现信息的耐久性与明晰性，让思想变得更活泼是绝对或许的。
考虑到个人专用的未来设备，或许相当于一个机械化的私家文档和图书馆。它需要有个姓名，随机抽取一个，就叫做回忆扩展器吧。人们可以将他看过的书、记载和沟通都存储在其间。而由于其机械化的特征，人们可以快速而灵活地对其间的资源进行阅读。它是人类回忆的扩展设备。
杂思：
“私家图书馆”或“回忆扩展器”这个概念很棒，是人类回忆的扩展设备，现在 NOTION 好像能成为这个扩展的绝佳存案；创造用大脑、回忆用 NOTION!会不会 ALL IN ONE 的 slogan 灵感就来自于此？
超链接的诞生
以下这段话被以为是万维网超链接最初的思想雏形：
机器与人
原文：
The impulses which flow in the arm nerves of a typist convey to her fingers the translated information which reaches her eye or ear, in order that the fingers may be caused to strike the proper keys. Might not these currents be intercepted, either in the original form in which information is conveyed to the brain, or in the marvelously metamorphosed form in which they then proceed to the hand?
By bone conduction we already introduce sounds: into the nerve channels of the deaf in order that they may hear. Is it not possible that we may learn to introduce them without the present cumbersomeness of first transforming electrical vibrations to mechanical ones, which the human mechanism promptly transforms back to the electrical form? With a couple of electrodes on the skull the encephalograph now produces pen-and-ink traces which bear some relation to the electrical phenomena going on in the brain itself. True, the record is unintelligible, except as it points out certain gross misfunctioning of the cerebral mechanism; but who would now place bounds on where such a thing may lead?
翻译：
在打字员的手臂叶脉中活动的脉冲向她的手指传送着转化的信息，这些信息又传送至眼睛或耳朵，为的是可以指挥手指击打正确的按键。信息流不或许被阻断吗？信息要么使用原初办法被传送至大脑，要么经过一种奇特的改变办法让手指进行工作。
经由骨传导咱们现已将声音引入到聋人的神经通路为的是让他们听见声音。难道没有或许不引入当时这种将电振荡首要转化为机械振荡的，再将机械振荡敏捷转化回电振荡的笨拙办法呢？经过头骨上的两块电极大脑X光片现在会生成翰墨记载，提供出一些有关脑筋中发生的电学现象的信息。因此，记载变得难于了解了，除非指出大脑某个特定部位的发生了机械故障。
杂思：
人大脑的电信号转化为手指上的机械运动，记载在核算机的硬盘中，作者想：有没有或许把机械运动再转回大脑中的电信号？这是不是就含糊了核算机和人的鸿沟？人可以编程核算机、核算机可以变成人，只是载体不一样，思想是共同的？张狂~
参考
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www.theatlantic.com/magazine/ar…
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en.wikipedia.org/wiki/As_We_…
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www.douban.com/note/696583…
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