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- 本文主要介绍iOS规划方式中的
笼统工厂办法。它和工厂办法有些类似，通常来说两个方式都用于相同的目的：创立目标而不让客户端知晓回来了什么确切详细的目标。不同点话在于工厂办法是创立一种产品，经过子类创立并重载工厂办法以创立一种产品。而笼统工厂是经过组合目标的办法创立多系列产品，有必要修正父类的接口才干支撑新的产品。
1. 什么是笼统工厂
结合实践情况，比如咱们在餐厅吃披萨，通常咱们会有许多类型的披萨，比如有榴莲披萨，烤鸭披萨，火腿披萨，水果披萨等。咱们能够结合咱们不同的口味挑选不同的披萨，咱们消费者不在乎披萨是怎么做出来的，只要披萨好吃就行。
在软件规划中，假如客户端想手工创立一个类的目标，那么客户端需求首要知道这个类的细节。可是，一组相关的目标能够在运行时按不同的规范发明的不一样，此刻客户端就要知道悉数细节才干创立他们，能够经过笼统工厂处理这个问题。
笼统工厂：是一种创立型规划方式，供给一个创立一系列相关或相互依赖目标的接口,而无需指定其详细类。
2. 什么时候运用笼统工厂办法
软件规划的黄金规律：变动需求笼统
假如有多个类共有相同的行为，但实践完成不同，则可能需求某种笼统类型作为其父类被继承。笼统类型界说所有相关详细类将有的共同行为。比如，咱们知道一般的披萨时什么样子，在点餐的时候知道会端上来什么。咱们说”出去吃披萨吧“这儿，”披萨“便是一个笼统的类型，界说了披萨饼应该具有的共同特征，比如都是能够吃的，下面是圆形的饼上面是浇头。可是，咱们从不同的店能够得到同一种披萨（芝士火腿披萨）略有不同的风味。有不同类型的披萨，咱们简略的将其叫做“披萨”。来称呼这种特定类型的食物。
因此咱们界说出产一种披萨的进程，只是关于不同的店出产的进程略微不同，一起依据不同的类型，出产不同口味的披萨。这一进程咱们能够称为笼统工厂办法。这一进程通常会结合工厂办法，无需规划在运行时决定运用什么工厂的复杂机制。
阐明：当现有的笼统工厂需求支撑新产品时，需求向父类添加相对应的新工厂办法，这意味着也要修正其子类以支撑新产品的新工厂办法。
3. Cocoa Touch结构中运用笼统工厂
之前咱们在工厂办法中说了NSNumber类关于工厂办法的运用阐明，实践上关于它的初始化不同类型的办法中
除了boolNumber的实践类型时NSCFBoolean以外，绝大部分都是NSCFNumber类型，虽然回来的都是NSNumber详细子类的实例，可是都是支撑NSNumber的公有接口。
NSNumber *boolNumber = [NSNumber numberWithBool:YES];
NSNumber *charNumber = [NSNumber numberWithChar:'a'];
NSLog(@"%d",[boolNumber intValue]);
NSLog(@"%@",[charNumber boolValue] ? @"true" : @"fales");
打印成果为：
1
true
boolNumber内部保持的布尔值为YES，可是完成了公有的intValue办法，回来反映呢不布尔值的适当int值，charNumber内部也是，完成了公有的boolValue办法，回来反应其内部字符值“a”的布尔值。
接受不同类型参数回来NSNumber的类工厂办法出产各种”数工厂“。NSNumber中类工厂办法界说了决定实例化何种私有详细子类的默许行为，这种特色称为类簇。类簇是笼统工厂的一种方式，NSNumber本身是一个高度笼统的工厂，而NSCFBoolean和NSCFNumber是详细工厂子类。子类是详细工厂。
4.代码展示
import XCTest
/// The Abstract Factory protocol declares a set of methods that return
/// different abstract products. These products are called a family and are
/// related by a high-level theme or concept. Products of one family are usually
/// able to collaborate among themselves. A family of products may have several
/// variants, but the products of one variant are incompatible with products of
/// another.
protocol AbstractFactory {
func createProductA() -> AbstractProductA
func createProductB() -> AbstractProductB
}
/// Concrete Factories produce a family of products that belong to a single
/// variant. The factory guarantees that resulting products are compatible. Note
/// that signatures of the Concrete Factory's methods return an abstract
/// product, while inside the method a concrete product is instantiated.
class ConcreteFactory1: AbstractFactory {
func createProductA() -> AbstractProductA {
return ConcreteProductA1()
}
func createProductB() -> AbstractProductB {
return ConcreteProductB1()
}
}
/// Each Concrete Factory has a corresponding product variant.
class ConcreteFactory2: AbstractFactory {
func createProductA() -> AbstractProductA {
return ConcreteProductA2()
}
func createProductB() -> AbstractProductB {
return ConcreteProductB2()
}
}
/// Each distinct product of a product family should have a base protocol. All
/// variants of the product must implement this protocol.
protocol AbstractProductA {
func usefulFunctionA() -> String
}
/// Concrete Products are created by corresponding Concrete Factories.
class ConcreteProductA1: AbstractProductA {
func usefulFunctionA() -> String {
return "The result of the product A1."
}
}
class ConcreteProductA2: AbstractProductA {
func usefulFunctionA() -> String {
return "The result of the product A2."
}
}
/// The base protocol of another product. All products can interact with each
/// other, but proper interaction is possible only between products of the same
/// concrete variant.
protocol AbstractProductB {
/// Product B is able to do its own thing...
func usefulFunctionB() -> String
/// ...but it also can collaborate with the ProductA.
///
/// The Abstract Factory makes sure that all products it creates are of the
/// same variant and thus, compatible.
func anotherUsefulFunctionB(collaborator: AbstractProductA) -> String
}
/// Concrete Products are created by corresponding Concrete Factories.
class ConcreteProductB1: AbstractProductB {
func usefulFunctionB() -> String {
return "The result of the product B1."
}
/// This variant, Product B1, is only able to work correctly with the
/// variant, Product A1. Nevertheless, it accepts any instance of
/// AbstractProductA as an argument.
func anotherUsefulFunctionB(collaborator: AbstractProductA) -> String {
let result = collaborator.usefulFunctionA()
return "The result of the B1 collaborating with the ((result))"
}
}
class ConcreteProductB2: AbstractProductB {
func usefulFunctionB() -> String {
return "The result of the product B2."
}
/// This variant, Product B2, is only able to work correctly with the
/// variant, Product A2. Nevertheless, it accepts any instance of
/// AbstractProductA as an argument.
func anotherUsefulFunctionB(collaborator: AbstractProductA) -> String {
let result = collaborator.usefulFunctionA()
return "The result of the B2 collaborating with the ((result))"
}
}
/// The client code works with factories and products only through abstract
/// types: AbstractFactory and AbstractProduct. This lets you pass any factory
/// or product subclass to the client code without breaking it.
class Client {
// ...
static func someClientCode(factory: AbstractFactory) {
let productA = factory.createProductA()
let productB = factory.createProductB()
print(productB.usefulFunctionB())
print(productB.anotherUsefulFunctionB(collaborator: productA))
}
// ...
}
/// Let's see how it all works together.
class AbstractFactoryConceptual: XCTestCase {
func testAbstractFactoryConceptual() {
/// The client code can work with any concrete factory class.
print("Client: Testing client code with the first factory type:")
Client.someClientCode(factory: ConcreteFactory1())
print("Client: Testing the same client code with the second factory type:")
Client.someClientCode(factory: ConcreteFactory2())
}
}
执行成果
Client: Testing client code with the first factory type:
The result of the product B1.
The result of the B1 collaborating with the (The result of the product A1.)
Client: Testing the same client code with the second factory type:
The result of the product B2.
The result of the B2 collaborating with the (The result of the product A2.)
5. 总结
笼统工厂和工厂区别？
一个被其多个详细工厂类型共有的笼统工厂类型。抛开笼统，工厂通常指的是详细工厂，而且，它也没有工厂办法的意思。有时，一开始运用详细工厂，后边重构为运用多个详细工厂的笼统工厂。
笼统工厂咱们通常会运用协议去界说完成详细的产品，详细的类也便是详细工厂去完成这个产品。它能够涉及许多类型的目标创立，笼统工厂能够躲藏详细的创立进程，不为客户端所见。供给这种笼统，而不暴露创立进程中任何不必要的细节，或确切的类型。
