我正在参加「启航计划」

前语

Flutter在桌面设备的实践,咱们现已落地了多个项目,充沛验证其技术和事务的可行性。一起也对Flutter提出了更多的要求,其中就包含:遥控器的适配!

很惋惜,Flutter官方底子没有考虑过遥控器的适配,甚至其焦点操控还有不少问题【比方:切换闪烁、快速操作下焦点无法呼应】,因而咱们必须自己打破这个壁垒。

遥控器怎么玩?

遥控器在软件层面其实便是按键事情,相当于咱们的键盘Android本身有TV设备,因而现已有一套完善的操控机制。

在Android中,咱们只需求对view声明能够获取焦点,指定焦点联系即可。结构会帮咱们主动聚集到对应的控件上;简单的UI状况用一个SelectDrawable就能够处理。

对比Flutter这种声明式UI,Android命名式UI有天然的优势,经过生成的R文件,结构层能够经过FocusFinder容易的找到对应的view,处理好焦点的分发流通和事情处理。

Flutter遥控器的难点

  • Flutter是声明式UI,在编译时要生成资源类本身就比较困难;
  • Widget仅仅配置信息,咱们在开发过程中想要拿到控件的信息必须经过Key值去获取Rander对象,要获取各组件的信息来确定方向、执行事情是非常费事的;
  • 经过实践,咱们发现Flutter focusNode还存在不少问题,请求过程偶发焦点重复request,快速切换焦点会呼应过错;在Android设备上更加明显;
  • Flutter的Material组件库有部分控件是自己持有focusNode的,默认会本身呼应键盘事情,这会跟咱们自己的焦点办理发生抵触。

完成原理

摒弃Flutter自带的FoucusNode流通机制,由于Flutter压根就没帮咱们做好这层流通。
自行监听事情,进行焦点分发,事务端自行加入ControlManager,清晰知道当时哪个焦点被触发。

Flutter适配遥控器方案

完成过程

1. 大局的遥控事情接纳组件

已然Flutter无法轻松的生成焦点的流通联系,那咱们就自行处理,定义一个大局的事情接纳器。这个组件需求接纳一个child,一般把MaterialApp传入。
组件内部接纳按键事情,解析后进行事情分发。

class ControlApp extends StatelessWidget {
  ControlApp({Key? key, required this.app}) : super(key: key);
  final Widget app;
  final FocusNode remoteControl = FocusNode(debugLabel: 'Flutter遥控器');
  final EventBus _eventBus = EventBus.instance;
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return RawKeyboardListener(
      onKey: (RawKeyEvent event) {
        if (event is RawKeyDownEvent) {
          RawKeyEventDataWindows rawKeyEventData =
              event.data as RawKeyEventDataWindows;
          switch (rawKeyEventData.keyCode) {
            case 38: //KEY_UP
              _eventBus.fire(EventType.up);
              break;
            case 40: //KEY_DOWN
              _eventBus.fire(EventType.down);
              break;
            case 37: //KEY_LEFT
              _eventBus.fire(EventType.left);
              break;
            case 39: //KEY_RIGHT
              _eventBus.fire(EventType.right);
              break;
            case 13: //KEY_ENTER
              _eventBus.fire(EventType.enter);
              break;
            case 8: //KEY_BACK
              _eventBus.fire(EventType.back);
              break;
            default:
              break;
          }
        }
      },
      focusNode: remoteControl,
      child: app,
    );
  }
}

2. 统一焦点接纳类办理

ControlApp统一分发后,ControlManager会进行接纳,一起ControlManager将办理所有的遥控器监听者,供给addListenerremoveListenersyncFocusKeychangeTopFocus等接口;保证遥控事情只发送给最终加入的监听者。

final controlManager = ControlManager.instance;
class ControlManager {
  ControlManager._() {
    initEventListen();
  }
  static final ControlManager instance = ControlManager._();
  final EventBus _eventBus = EventBus.instance;
  final ObserverList<ControlListener> _listeners =
      ObserverList<ControlListener>();
  bool receiveEvents = true;
  int _currListenerIndex = 0;
  // 记载所有listener的焦点调集
  final List<List<FocusCollection>> _allCollectionList = [];
  // 记载每个listener挑选的焦点调集
  final List<FocusCollection?> _selectedCollectionList = [];
  void addListener(ControlListener listener,
      {required List<FocusCollection> focusList}) {
    _listeners.add(listener);
    _allCollectionList.add(focusList);
    _currListenerIndex++;
    _selectedCollectionList.add(null);
  }
  void removeListener(ControlListener listener) {
    _listeners.remove(listener);
    _selectedCollectionList.removeLast();
    _allCollectionList.removeLast();
    _currListenerIndex--;
  }
  /// 修正顶层焦点调集
  void changeTopFocus(List<FocusCollection> focusList,
      {FocusCollection? curr}) {
    _allCollectionList.last = focusList;
    if (curr == null) {
      _selectedCollectionList[_currListenerIndex - 1] = null;
      _listeners.last.onCancelSelect();
    } else {
      _selectedCollectionList[_currListenerIndex - 1] = curr;
      _listeners.last.onWidgetSelect(curr);
    }
  }
  /// 是否暂停处理遥控器事情
  setReceiveStatus(bool isReceive) {
    receiveEvents = isReceive;
  }
  /// 同步焦点的建值
  syncFocusKey(FocusCollection focus) {
    _selectedCollectionList[_currListenerIndex - 1] = focus;
  }
  bool get focusIsEmpty => _allCollectionList[_currListenerIndex - 1].isEmpty;
  initEventListen() {
    _eventBus.on().listen((event) {
      if (!receiveEvents) return;
      switch (event) {
        case EventType.up:
        case EventType.left:
          if (focusIsEmpty) return;
          _listeners.last.onWidgetSelect(getFocusCollection(event));
          break;
        case EventType.enter:
          if (focusIsEmpty) return;
          if (_selectedCollectionList[_currListenerIndex - 1] == null) return;
          _listeners.last.onEnterEvent(getFocusCollection(event));
          break;
        case EventType.down:
        case EventType.right:
          if (focusIsEmpty) return;
          _listeners.last.onWidgetSelect(getFocusCollection(event));
          break;
        case EventType.back:
          if (focusIsEmpty) {
            _listeners.last.onBackEvent(null);
          } else {
            _listeners.last.onBackEvent(getFocusCollection(event));
          }
          break;
      }
    });
  }
  /// 获取命中的焦点调集
  FocusCollection getFocusCollection(EventType type) {
    if (_selectedCollectionList[_currListenerIndex - 1] == null) {
      var c = _allCollectionList[_currListenerIndex - 1].first;
      _selectedCollectionList[_currListenerIndex - 1] = c;
      return c;
    } else {
      FocusCollection c = _selectedCollectionList[_currListenerIndex - 1]!;
      List<FocusCollection> l = _allCollectionList[_currListenerIndex - 1];
      switch (type) {
        case EventType.up:
          if (c.up != null) c = l.firstWhere((e) => e.currKey == c.up);
          break;
        case EventType.down:
          if (c.down != null) c = l.firstWhere((e) => e.currKey == c.down);
          break;
        case EventType.left:
          if (c.left != null) c = l.firstWhere((e) => e.currKey == c.left);
          break;
        case EventType.right:
          if (c.right != null) c = l.firstWhere((e) => e.currKey == c.right);
          break;
        case EventType.enter:
        case EventType.back:
          break;
      }
      _selectedCollectionList[_currListenerIndex - 1] = c;
      return c;
    }
  }
}

3. 供给遥控器监听抽象类

需求监听遥控事情的页面(或组件),需求混入这个类,然后在对应生命钩子中调用ControlManager中的addListener和removeListener事情。

abstract class ControlListener {
  void onWidgetSelect(FocusCollection collection) {}
  void onCancelSelect() {}
  void onEnterEvent(FocusCollection collection) {}
  void onBackEvent(FocusCollection? collection) {}
}

重写ControlListener中供给的接口,就能准确接纳到ControlManager发出的事情拉!

class _MyHomePageState extends State<MyHomePage> with ControlListener {
  int _counter = 0;
  String selectKey = ""; // 挑选的焦点key
  // 自行保护焦点的联系
  List<FocusCollection> focusList = [
    FocusCollection("one", right: "two", down: "three"),
    FocusCollection("two", left: "three", up: "one"),
    FocusCollection("three", up: "one", right: "two")
  ];
  @override
  void initState() {
    super.initState();
    controlManager.addListener(this, focusList: focusList);
  }
  @override
  void dispose() {
    super.dispose();
    controlManager.removeListener(this);
  }
  @override
  void onWidgetSelect(FocusCollection collection) {
    super.onWidgetSelect(collection);
    setState(() {
      selectKey = collection.currKey;
    });
    print(">>>>> onWidgetSelect ${collection.currKey}");
  }
  @override
  void onBackEvent(FocusCollection? collection) {
    super.onBackEvent(collection);
    print(">>>>> onBackEvent ${collection?.currKey}");
  }
  @override
  void onEnterEvent(FocusCollection collection) {
    super.onEnterEvent(collection);
    int i = focusList.indexOf(collection);
    if (i == 2) {
      _incrementCounter();
    } else if (i == 0) {
      Navigator.push(
          context, MaterialPageRoute(builder: (context) => SecondPage()));
    }
  }
  void _incrementCounter() {
    setState(() {
      _counter++;
    });
  }
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: Text(widget.title),
      ),
      body: Stack(children: [
        Positioned(
          top: 20,
          left: 20,
          child: FocusWidget(
            hasFocus: selectKey == "one",
            child: const Text('You have pushed the button this many times:'),
          ),
        ),
        Positioned(
          top: 60,
          right: 20,
          child: FocusWidget(
            hasFocus: selectKey == "two",
            child: Text(
              '$_counter',
              style: Theme.of(context).textTheme.headlineMedium,
            ),
          ),
        ),
        Positioned(
          top: 60,
          left: 20,
          child: FocusWidget(
            hasFocus: selectKey == "three",
            child: GestureDetector(
              onTap: _incrementCounter,
              child: Icon(Icons.add, color: Theme.of(context).primaryColor),
            ),
          ),
        ),
      ]),
    );
  }
}
  • 从上面的比方能够看到,事务端是需求供给焦点列表,自行指定好上下左右的焦点关键字;这个过程其实就跟Android中,在xml指定焦点联系相同。
 android:nextFocusDown="@id/button1"
 android:nextFocusUp="@id/button2"
 android:nextFocusLeft="@id/button3"
 android:nextFocusRight="@id/button4"
  • 一起比方中也有FocusWidget这个控件,我现在是彻底抛弃了Flutter自带的这套FoucusNode,而是清晰告诉Widget你被选中了、被点击了。这能处理FoucusNode本身的一些缺点。
  • 当遇到带有FocusNode的组件,比方Input、Button、InkWell等,请一定要自主传入FoucusNode,而且设置skipTraversal为true,这样这个焦点就不会主动接纳键盘事情,不会导致焦点抵触。
FocusNode focusNode_1 = FocusNode(skipTraversal: true);

继续优化

在上面的计划中,咱们发现一个最经过的点便是:接入相对杂乱,特别是点击事情还要由页面等级告诉到对应组件自行去执行。对于封装程度高的项目,这是很致命的。

因而咱们把FocusWidget抽象出来,页面等级不再保护杂乱的焦点联系列表;而是在需求处理焦点的控件外部包裹FocusWidget,传入需求的focus、nextFocusDown、nextFocusUp、nextFocusLeft、nextFocusRight;以及需求的UI状况、点击事情等。之后遥控器插件会主动找寻对应的FocusWidget,显现其选中状况,并触发传入的点击事情!

将焦点联系和事情处理彻底融合在一起,不需求独自声明和保护,从而快速的让咱们的使用适配遥控器 ~

写在最终

这个计划现在在事务上现已得到实践认可,但是细节以及优化计划还有许多需求注意的。
总之遥控器在Flutter上是个相对难啃的坑,只能不断往前爬,往前填。