Nginx 安装配置

Nginx(“engine x”)是一款是由俄罗斯的程序设计师Igor Sysoev所开发高性能的 Web和反向署理服务器，也是一个 IMAP/POP3/SMTP署理服务器。在高连接并发的情况下，Nginx是Apache服务器不错的替代品。

Nginx 装置

体系渠道：CentOS release 6.6 (Final) 64位。

一、装置编译东西及库文件

yum -y install make zlib zlib-devel gcc-c++ libtool  openssl openssl-devel

二、首先要装置 PCRE

PCRE 作用是让 Nginx 支撑 Rewrite 功用。

1、下载 PCRE 装置包，下载地址：downloads.sourceforge.net/project/pcr…

[root@bogon src]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@bogon src]# wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/pcre/pcre/8.35/pcre-8.35.tar.gz

2、解压装置包:

[root@bogonsrc]# tar zxvf pcre-8.35.tar.gz

3、进入装置包目录

[root@bogonsrc]# cd pcre-8.35

4、编译装置

[root@bogonpcre-8.35]# ./configure
[root@bogonpcre-8.35]# make&& make install

5、查看pcre版本

[root@bogonpcre-8.35]# pcre-config --version

装置 Nginx

1、下载 Nginx，下载地址：nginx.org/en/download…

[root@bogonsrc]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@bogonsrc]# wgethttp://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz

2、解压装置包

[root@bogonsrc]# tar zxvf nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz

3、进入装置包目录

[root@bogonsrc]# cd nginx-1.6.2

4、编译装置

[root@bogonnginx-1.6.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre=/usr/local/src/pcre-8.35
[root@bogonnginx-1.6.2]# make
[root@bogonnginx-1.6.2]# make install

5、查看nginx版本

[root@bogonnginx-1.6.2]# /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -v

到此，nginx装置完结。

Nginx 装备

创立 Nginx 运行运用的用户 www：

[root@bogonconf]# /usr/sbin/groupadd www
[root@bogonconf]# /usr/sbin/useradd -g www www

装备nginx.conf，将/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf替换为以下内容。

[root@bogon conf]#  cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
user www www;
worker_processes 2; #设置值和CPU核心数共同
error_log /usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit; #日志位置和日志级别
pid /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;
#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
events
{
  use epoll;
  worker_connections 65535;
}
http
{
  include mime.types;
  default_type application/octet-stream;
  log_format main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
               '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
               '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
#charset gb2312;
  server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
  client_header_buffer_size 32k;
  large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
  client_max_body_size 8m;
  sendfile on;
  tcp_nopush on;
  keepalive_timeout 60;
  tcp_nodelay on;
  fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
  fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
  fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
  fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
  fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
  fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
  fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
  gzip on; 
  gzip_min_length 1k;
  gzip_buffers 4 16k;
  gzip_http_version 1.0;
  gzip_comp_level 2;
  gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
  gzip_vary on;
  #limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m;
 #下面是server虚拟主机的装备
 server
  {
    listen 80;#监听端口
    server_name localhost;#域名
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root /usr/local/webserver/nginx/html;#站点目录
      location ~ .*.(php|php5)?$
    {
      #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
      fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
      fastcgi_index index.php;
      include fastcgi.conf;
    }
    location ~ .*.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|ico)$
    {
      expires 30d;
  # access_log off;
    }
    location ~ .*.(js|css)?$
    {
      expires 15d;
   # access_log off;
    }
    access_log off;
  }
}

检查装备文件nginx.conf的正确性指令：

[root@bogon conf]# /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

发动 Nginx

Nginx 发动指令如下：

[root@bogonconf]# /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx

拜访站点

从浏览器拜访我们装备的站点ip：

Nginx 其他指令

以下包含了 Nginx 常用的几个指令：

/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload            # 从头载入装备文件
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reopen            # 重启 Nginx
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop              # 停止 Nginx

关于 uri 的截取

location 中的 root 和 alias

• root 指令只是将查找的根设置为 root 设定的目录，即不会切断 uri，而是运用原始 uri 跳转该目录下查找文件
• aias 指令则会切断匹配的 uri，然后运用 alias 设定的途径加上剩下的 uri 作为子途径进行查找

示例 1：root

#------------目录结构----------
/www/x1/index.html
/www/x2/index.html
#--------装备-----------------------
index index.html index.php;
location /x/ {
    root "/www/";
}
#-------拜访--------------
curl http://localhost/x1/index.html
curl http://localhost/x2/index.html

示例 2：alias

#----------装备-----------------
location /y/z/ {
    alias /www/x1/;
}
#---------拜访--------------
curl http://localhost/y/z/index.html

location 中的 proxy_pass 的 uri

假如 proxy_pass 的 url 不带 uri

假如尾部是”/”，则会切断匹配的uri

假如尾部不是”/”，则不会切断匹配的uri

假如proxy_pass的url带uri，则会切断匹配的uri

示例：

#-------servers装备--------------------
location / {
    echo $uri    #回显恳求的uri
}
#--------proxy_pass装备---------------------
location /t1/ { proxy_pass http://servers; }    #正常，不切断
location /t2/ { proxy_pass http://servers/; }    #正常，切断
location /t3  { proxy_pass http://servers; }    #正常，不切断
location /t4  { proxy_pass http://servers/; }    #正常，切断
location /t5/ { proxy_pass http://servers/test/; }    #正常，切断
location /t6/ { proxy_pass http://servers/test; }    #缺"/"，切断
location /t7  { proxy_pass http://servers/test/; }    #含"//"，切断
location /t8  { proxy_pass http://servers/test; }    #正常，切断
#---------拜访----------------------
for i in $(seq 6)
do
    url=http://localhost/t$i/doc/index.html
    echo "-----------$url-----------"
    curl url
done
#--------成果---------------------------
----------http://localhost:8080/t1/doc/index.html------------
/t1/doc/index.html
----------http://localhost:8080/t2/doc/index.html------------
/doc/index.html
----------http://localhost:8080/t3/doc/index.html------------
/t3/doc/index.html
----------http://localhost:8080/t4/doc/index.html------------
/doc/index.html
----------http://localhost:8080/t5/doc/index.html------------
/test/doc/index.html
----------http://localhost:8080/t6/doc/index.html------------
/testdoc/index.html
----------http://localhost:8080/t7/doc/index.html------------
/test//doc/index.html
----------http://localhost:8080/t8/doc/index.html------------
/test/doc/index.html

默许的 nginx 装备文件 nginx.conf 内容如下：

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;
#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;
#pid        logs/nginx.pid;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;
    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;
    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    #gzip  on;
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;
        #charset koi8-r;
        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        #error_page  404              /404.html;
        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ .php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}
        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ .php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}
        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }
    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;
    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}
    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;
    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;
    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;
    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;
    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}
}