在现代的软件开发中，学生办理体系是一个常见的运用场景。经过学生办理体系，校园能够便利地办理学生的信息、课程组织和成果等数据。本文将介绍怎么运用Java言语建立一个学生办理体系的前后端环境，并供给一个简单的示例。

1.环境建立

学生办理体系 Student manage system （sms）

1.1 后端环境

咱们需要建立后端环境来处理前端发送的恳求并与数据库进行交互。咱们能够运用Java言语建立后端运用，并选择一个Java Web结构，如Spring Boot或Servlet来处理HTTP恳求。同时，还需要选择一个关系型数据库，如MySQL或PostgreSQL，来存储学生和课程等数据。

项目名：day054_sms
pom文件：mysql驱动、MyBatis、通用mapper、PageHelper、web、test、swagger、lombok
yml文件：数据源、MyBatis驼峰、日志(sql句子)
启动类
装备类：swagger装备类、跨域装备类
项目名：day054_sms

pom文件：mysql驱动、MyBatis、通用mapper、PageHelper、web、test、swagger、lombok

    <!--确认spring boot版别-->
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.5.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/>
    </parent>
    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
        <mybatis.starter.version>1.3.2</mybatis.starter.version>
        <mysql.version>5.1.32</mysql.version>
        <swagger.version>2.7.0</swagger.version>
        <pageHelper.starter.version>1.2.5</pageHelper.starter.version>
        <mapper.starter.version>2.0.2</mapper.starter.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <!--web开发启动器-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--test开发启动器-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- mybatis启动器 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>${mybatis.starter.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 分页帮手启动器 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.github.pagehelper</groupId>
            <artifactId>pagehelper-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>${pageHelper.starter.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 通用Mapper启动器 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>tk.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mapper-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>${mapper.starter.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- mysql驱动 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>${mysql.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--lombok-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--swagger2-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
            <artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId>
            <version>${swagger.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
            <artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId>
            <version>${swagger.version}</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

yml文件：数据源、MyBatis驼峰、日志(sql句子)

#端口号
server:
  port: 8080
#数据源(连接池)
spring:
  datasource:
    driverClassName: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/day054_sms?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
    username: root
    password: '1234'
#javabean与表驼峰映射
mybatis:
  configuration:
    map-underscore-to-camel-case: true
#日志，给com.czxy.mapper包设置自己的日志等级
logging:
  level:
    com:
      czxy:
        mapper: debug

启动类

package com.czxy;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import tk.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;	//【留意】tk包下的注解
/**
 * @author 薛慕昭
 * @description
 */
@SpringBootApplication
@MapperScan("com.czxy.mapper")          //扫描指定包，将在到Spring容器。替代：@org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper 【留意】扫描和@Mapper不能同时运用
public class SmsApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SmsApplication.class, args);
    }
}

装备类：swagger装备类、跨域装备类

1.2 数据库

create database day054_sms;
use day054_sms;
CREATE TABLE `tb_user` (
  `u_id` VARCHAR(32) PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL COMMENT '用户编号',
  `user_name` VARCHAR(50) UNIQUE DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用户名',
  `password` VARCHAR(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '密码',
  `gender` BIT(1) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '性别,1表明男，0表明女',
  `image` VARCHAR(300) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '头像图片'
);
INSERT  INTO `tb_user`(`u_id`,`user_name`,`password`,`gender`,`image`) VALUES ('u001','jack','1234',1,'https://www.6hu.cc/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/223741-R5K4pg.gif?imageView2/1/w/80/h/80');
INSERT  INTO `tb_user`(`u_id`,`user_name`,`password`,`gender`,`image`) VALUES ('u002','rose','1234',0,'https://www.6hu.cc/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/223741-R5K4pg.gif?imageView2/1/w/80/h/80');
INSERT  INTO `tb_user`(`u_id`,`user_name`,`password`,`gender`,`image`) VALUES ('u003','tom','1234',1,'https://www.6hu.cc/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/223741-R5K4pg.gif?imageView2/1/w/80/h/80');
CREATE TABLE `tb_teacher` (
  `tid` INT(11) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `tname` VARCHAR(50) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '教师姓名',
  `type` INT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '教师类型：1.授课教师、2.助理教师、3.辅导员教师'
);
INSERT  INTO `tb_teacher`(`tid`,`tname`,`type`) VALUES (1,'王小明教师',1);
INSERT  INTO `tb_teacher`(`tid`,`tname`,`type`) VALUES (2,'马坤教师',2);
INSERT  INTO `tb_teacher`(`tid`,`tname`,`type`) VALUES (3,'仲燕教师',3);
INSERT  INTO `tb_teacher`(`tid`,`tname`,`type`) VALUES (4,'袁新奇教师',1);
INSERT  INTO `tb_teacher`(`tid`,`tname`,`type`) VALUES (5,'任林达教师',2);
INSERT  INTO `tb_teacher`(`tid`,`tname`,`type`) VALUES (6,'王珊珊教师',3);
CREATE TABLE `tb_class` (
  `cid` INT(11) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `cname` VARCHAR(50) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '班级称号',
  `teacher1_id` INT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '授课教师',
  `teacher2_id` INT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '助理教师',
  `teacher3_id` INT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '辅导员教师'
);
INSERT  INTO `tb_class`(`cid`,`cname`,`teacher1_id`,`teacher2_id`,`teacher3_id`) VALUES (1,'Java56',1,2,3);
INSERT  INTO `tb_class`(`cid`,`cname`,`teacher1_id`,`teacher2_id`,`teacher3_id`) VALUES (2,'Java78',1,2,3);
INSERT  INTO `tb_class`(`cid`,`cname`,`teacher1_id`,`teacher2_id`,`teacher3_id`) VALUES (3,'Java12',4,5,6);
INSERT  INTO `tb_class`(`cid`,`cname`,`teacher1_id`,`teacher2_id`,`teacher3_id`) VALUES (4,'Java34',4,5,6);
CREATE TABLE tb_city(
  c_id VARCHAR(32) PRIMARY KEY COMMENT '城市ID',
  city_name VARCHAR(20) COMMENT '城市称号' ,
  parent_id VARCHAR(32) COMMENT '父ID'
);
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('320000','江苏省','0');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('140000','山西省','0');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('130000','河北省','0');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('320100','南京市','320000');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('320102','玄武区','320100');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('320103','白下区','320100');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('321300','宿迁市','320000');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('321322','沭阳县','321300');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('321323','泗阳县','321300');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('140100','太原市','140000');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('140106','迎泽区','140100');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('140108','尖草坪区','140100');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('140800','运城市','140000');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('140823','闻喜县','140800');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('140828','夏　县','140800');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('130100','石家庄市','130000');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('130127','高邑县','130100');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('130185','鹿泉市','130100');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('131000','廊坊市','130000');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('131003','广阳区','131000');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('131022','固安县','131000');
CREATE TABLE `tb_student` (
  `s_id` INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '学生ID',
  `sname` VARCHAR(50) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '姓名',
  `age` INT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '年龄',
  `birthday` DATETIME DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '生日',
  `gender` CHAR(1) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '性别',
  `c_id` INT DEFAULT NULL,
  `city_ids` VARCHAR(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '城市：320000,321300,321322'
);
INSERT  INTO `tb_student`(`s_id`,`sname`,`age`,`birthday`,`gender`,`c_id`,`city_ids`) VALUES (1,'赵三33',21,'2001-01-17 00:00:00','1',1,'320000,321300,321322');
INSERT  INTO `tb_student`(`s_id`,`sname`,`age`,`birthday`,`gender`,`c_id`,`city_ids`) VALUES (2,'钱四444',1900,'2001-05-16 00:00:00','1',2,'320000,321300,321322');
INSERT  INTO `tb_student`(`s_id`,`sname`,`age`,`birthday`,`gender`,`c_id`,`city_ids`) VALUES (3,'孙五56',189,'2022-03-15 00:00:00','0',1,'320000,321300,321322');
INSERT  INTO `tb_student`(`s_id`,`sname`,`age`,`birthday`,`gender`,`c_id`,`city_ids`) VALUES (4,'张三',20,'2020-12-21 00:00:00','0',2,'320000,321300,321322');
INSERT  INTO `tb_student`(`s_id`,`sname`,`age`,`birthday`,`gender`,`c_id`,`city_ids`) VALUES (5,'xxx',18,'2020-12-21 00:00:00','0',2,'140000,140800,140823');
INSERT  INTO `tb_student`(`s_id`,`sname`,`age`,`birthday`,`gender`,`c_id`,`city_ids`) VALUES (6,'123',18,'2020-11-01 00:00:00','0',3,'130000,130100,130127');
INSERT  INTO `tb_student`(`s_id`,`sname`,`age`,`birthday`,`gender`,`c_id`,`city_ids`) VALUES (7,'xx',18,'2020-11-02 00:00:00','0',1,'130000,131000,131003');
CREATE TABLE `tb_course` (
  `c_id` INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY COMMENT '课程ID',
  `cname` VARCHAR(50) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '课程称号',
  `desc` VARCHAR(100) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '课程描述'
);
INSERT  INTO `tb_course`(`c_id`,`cname`,`desc`) VALUES (1,'Java根底','JavaSE一切课程');
INSERT  INTO `tb_course`(`c_id`,`cname`,`desc`) VALUES (2,'JavaWeb','Java Web 一切课程');
INSERT  INTO `tb_course`(`c_id`,`cname`,`desc`) VALUES (3,'SSM','Spring Mvc、Spring、MyBatis一切课程');
CREATE TABLE `tb_student_course` (
  `s_id` INT NOT NULL COMMENT '学生ID',
  `c_id` INT NOT NULL COMMENT '课程ID',
  `score` DOUBLE DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`s_id`,`c_id`)
);
INSERT INTO tb_student_course(s_id,c_id,score) VALUES(1,1,100);
INSERT INTO tb_student_course(s_id,c_id,score) VALUES(1,2,95);
INSERT INTO tb_student_course(s_id,c_id,score) VALUES(1,3,NULL);
INSERT INTO tb_student_course(s_id,c_id,score) VALUES(2,1,100);
INSERT INTO tb_student_course(s_id,c_id,score) VALUES(2,2,95);
INSERT INTO tb_student_course(s_id,c_id,score) VALUES(2,3,100);
INSERT INTO tb_student_course(s_id,c_id,score) VALUES(3,1,80);
INSERT INTO tb_student_course(s_id,c_id,score) VALUES(3,2,NULL);
INSERT INTO tb_student_course(s_id,c_id,score) VALUES(3,3,90);

1.3 前端环境

首先，咱们需要建立前端环境来实现用户界面和交互。在本教程中，咱们选择运用Vue.js作为前端结构来构建学生办理体系的前端运用。首先，确保已装置Node.js和npm（Node包办理器）。

1.3.1 项目

创立项目

修正装备

1.3.2 axios

装置

装备

1.3.3 elementui

装置

装备

“`js import Vue from ‘vue’ // 2 element ui // 2.1 导入element ui的一切组件 import ElementUI from ‘element-ui’; // 2.2 导入组件配套的css款式 import ‘element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.css’;

import App from './App.vue'
import router from './router'
import store from './store'
// 1.1 导入axios
import axios from 'axios'
// 1.2 设置访问途径前缀(baseURL)
axios.defaults.baseURL = 'http://localhost:8080'
// 1.3 设置到vue中，便利访问
Vue.prototype.$http = axios
// 2.3 将element 一切组件运用到vue环境中
Vue.use(ElementUI);
```

测验

1.3.4 布局

需求：

设置重置款式

创立首页

创立登录页

修正App.vue，设置一级路由

```vue
<template>
  <div id="app">
    <!-- 设置路由视图，用于显现指定的路由对应页面 -->
    <router-view></router-view>
  </div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
}
</script>
<style>
  /* 满屏填充款式 */
  html, body, #app {
    height: 100%;
  }
</style>
```

修正Home.vue，用于显现布局页面

```vue
<template>
  <el-container>
    <el-header>Header</el-header>
    <el-container>
      <el-aside width="200px">Aside</el-aside>
      <el-main>Main</el-main>
    </el-container>
  </el-container>
</template>
<script>
export default {
}
</script>
<style>
    /* 满屏填充款式 */
    .el-container {
        height: 100%;
    }
  .el-header, .el-footer {
    background-color: #B3C0D1;
    color: #333;
    text-align: center;
    line-height: 60px;
  }
  .el-aside {
    background-color: #D3DCE6;
    color: #333;
    text-align: center;
    line-height: 200px;
  }
  .el-main {
    background-color: #E9EEF3;
    color: #333;
    text-align: center;
    line-height: 160px;
  }
</style>
```

修正Login.vue页面，暂时供给模板

<template>
  <div>登录页面</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
}
</script>
<style>
</style>

1.3.5 菜单

<!--菜单start-->
      <el-menu
        default-active="/"
        class="el-menu-vertical-demo"
        background-color="#545c64"
        router
        text-color="#fff"
        active-text-color="#ffd04b">
        <el-submenu index="/classes">
          <template slot="title">
            <i class="el-icon-location"></i>
            <span>班级办理</span>
          </template>
          <el-menu-item index="/classesList">班级列表</el-menu-item>
          <el-menu-item index="/classesAdd">增加班级</el-menu-item>
        </el-submenu>
        <el-submenu index="/student">
          <template slot="title">
            <i class="el-icon-location"></i>
            <span>学生办理</span>
          </template>
          <el-menu-item index="/studentList">学生列表</el-menu-item>
          <el-menu-item index="/studentAdd">增加学生</el-menu-item>
        </el-submenu>
      </el-menu>
      <!--菜单end-->

1.3.6 二级路由

当时路由装备的子路由，称为二级路由。二级路由能够显现当时路由所设置的路由视图中。
- 装备二级路由

    ```js
    const routes = [
      {
        path: '/',
        name: '首页',
        component: () => import('../views/Home.vue'),
        children: [
          {
            path: '/classesList',
            name: '班级列表',
            component: () => import('../views/classes/ClassesList.vue')
          },
          {
            path: '/classesAdd',
            name: '增加班级',
            component: () => import('../views/classes/ClassesAdd.vue')
          },
          {
            path: '/studentList',
            name: '学生列表',
            component: () => import('../views/student/StudentList.vue')
          },
          {
            path: '/studentAdd',
            name: '增加学生',
            component: () => import('../views/student/StudentAdd.vue')
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        path: '/login',
        name: '登录页面',
        component: () => import('../views/Login.vue')
      }
    ]
    ```
*   编写二级路由显现视图

创立对应页面

经过本文，咱们介绍了怎么建立学生办理体系的前后端环境。前端环境运用Vue.js作为首要的前端结构，并经过Vue CLI工具创立和办理项目。后端环境运用Java言语，凭借Spring Boot和Spring Data JPA建立Web运用并与数据库进行交互。

Java项目学生管理系统一前后端环境搭建

1.环境建立

1.1 后端环境

1.2 数据库

1.3 前端环境

1.3.1 项目

1.3.2 axios

1.3.3 elementui

1.3.4 布局

1.3.5 菜单

1.3.6 二级路由

作者信息

Java项目学生管理系统一前后端环境搭建

1.环境建立

1.1 后端环境

1.2 数据库

1.3 前端环境

1.3.1 项目

1.3.2 axios

1.3.3 elementui

1.3.4 布局

1.3.5 菜单

1.3.6 二级路由

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作者信息