在现代的软件开发中,学生办理体系是一个常见的运用场景。经过学生办理体系,校园能够便利地办理学生的信息、课程组织和成果等数据。本文将介绍怎么运用Java言语建立一个学生办理体系的前后端环境,并供给一个简单的示例。
1.环境建立
- 学生办理体系 Student manage system (sms)
1.1 后端环境
咱们需要建立后端环境来处理前端发送的恳求并与数据库进行交互。咱们能够运用Java言语建立后端运用,并选择一个Java Web结构,如Spring Boot或Servlet来处理HTTP恳求。同时,还需要选择一个关系型数据库,如MySQL或PostgreSQL,来存储学生和课程等数据。
-
项目名:day054_sms
-
pom文件:mysql驱动、MyBatis、通用mapper、PageHelper、web、test、swagger、lombok
-
yml文件:数据源、MyBatis驼峰、日志(sql句子)
-
启动类
-
装备类:swagger装备类、跨域装备类
-
项目名:day054_sms
-
pom文件:mysql驱动、MyBatis、通用mapper、PageHelper、web、test、swagger、lombok
<!--确认spring boot版别--> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.2.5.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> </parent> <properties> <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target> <mybatis.starter.version>1.3.2</mybatis.starter.version> <mysql.version>5.1.32</mysql.version> <swagger.version>2.7.0</swagger.version> <pageHelper.starter.version>1.2.5</pageHelper.starter.version> <mapper.starter.version>2.0.2</mapper.starter.version> </properties> <dependencies> <!--web开发启动器--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <!--test开发启动器--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- mybatis启动器 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>${mybatis.starter.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- 分页帮手启动器 --> <dependency> <groupId>com.github.pagehelper</groupId> <artifactId>pagehelper-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>${pageHelper.starter.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- 通用Mapper启动器 --> <dependency> <groupId>tk.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mapper-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>${mapper.starter.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- mysql驱动 --> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>${mysql.version}</version> </dependency> <!--lombok--> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> </dependency> <!--swagger2--> <dependency> <groupId>io.springfox</groupId> <artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId> <version>${swagger.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.springfox</groupId> <artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId> <version>${swagger.version}</version> </dependency> </dependencies>
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yml文件:数据源、MyBatis驼峰、日志(sql句子)
#端口号 server: port: 8080 #数据源(连接池) spring: datasource: driverClassName: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/day054_sms?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8 username: root password: '1234' #javabean与表驼峰映射 mybatis: configuration: map-underscore-to-camel-case: true #日志,给com.czxy.mapper包设置自己的日志等级 logging: level: com: czxy: mapper: debug
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启动类
package com.czxy; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import tk.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan; //【留意】tk包下的注解 /** * @author 薛慕昭 * @description */ @SpringBootApplication @MapperScan("com.czxy.mapper") //扫描指定包,将在到Spring容器。替代:@org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper 【留意】扫描和@Mapper不能同时运用 public class SmsApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(SmsApplication.class, args); } }
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装备类:swagger装备类、跨域装备类
1.2 数据库
create database day054_sms;
use day054_sms;
CREATE TABLE `tb_user` (
`u_id` VARCHAR(32) PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL COMMENT '用户编号',
`user_name` VARCHAR(50) UNIQUE DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用户名',
`password` VARCHAR(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '密码',
`gender` BIT(1) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '性别,1表明男,0表明女',
`image` VARCHAR(300) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '头像图片'
);
INSERT INTO `tb_user`(`u_id`,`user_name`,`password`,`gender`,`image`) VALUES ('u001','jack','1234',1,'https://www.6hu.cc/storage/2023/12/223741-R5K4pg.gif?imageView2/1/w/80/h/80');
INSERT INTO `tb_user`(`u_id`,`user_name`,`password`,`gender`,`image`) VALUES ('u002','rose','1234',0,'https://www.6hu.cc/storage/2023/12/223741-R5K4pg.gif?imageView2/1/w/80/h/80');
INSERT INTO `tb_user`(`u_id`,`user_name`,`password`,`gender`,`image`) VALUES ('u003','tom','1234',1,'https://www.6hu.cc/storage/2023/12/223741-R5K4pg.gif?imageView2/1/w/80/h/80');
CREATE TABLE `tb_teacher` (
`tid` INT(11) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
`tname` VARCHAR(50) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '教师姓名',
`type` INT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '教师类型:1.授课教师、2.助理教师、3.辅导员教师'
);
INSERT INTO `tb_teacher`(`tid`,`tname`,`type`) VALUES (1,'王小明教师',1);
INSERT INTO `tb_teacher`(`tid`,`tname`,`type`) VALUES (2,'马坤教师',2);
INSERT INTO `tb_teacher`(`tid`,`tname`,`type`) VALUES (3,'仲燕教师',3);
INSERT INTO `tb_teacher`(`tid`,`tname`,`type`) VALUES (4,'袁新奇教师',1);
INSERT INTO `tb_teacher`(`tid`,`tname`,`type`) VALUES (5,'任林达教师',2);
INSERT INTO `tb_teacher`(`tid`,`tname`,`type`) VALUES (6,'王珊珊教师',3);
CREATE TABLE `tb_class` (
`cid` INT(11) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
`cname` VARCHAR(50) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '班级称号',
`teacher1_id` INT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '授课教师',
`teacher2_id` INT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '助理教师',
`teacher3_id` INT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '辅导员教师'
);
INSERT INTO `tb_class`(`cid`,`cname`,`teacher1_id`,`teacher2_id`,`teacher3_id`) VALUES (1,'Java56',1,2,3);
INSERT INTO `tb_class`(`cid`,`cname`,`teacher1_id`,`teacher2_id`,`teacher3_id`) VALUES (2,'Java78',1,2,3);
INSERT INTO `tb_class`(`cid`,`cname`,`teacher1_id`,`teacher2_id`,`teacher3_id`) VALUES (3,'Java12',4,5,6);
INSERT INTO `tb_class`(`cid`,`cname`,`teacher1_id`,`teacher2_id`,`teacher3_id`) VALUES (4,'Java34',4,5,6);
CREATE TABLE tb_city(
c_id VARCHAR(32) PRIMARY KEY COMMENT '城市ID',
city_name VARCHAR(20) COMMENT '城市称号' ,
parent_id VARCHAR(32) COMMENT '父ID'
);
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('320000','江苏省','0');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('140000','山西省','0');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('130000','河北省','0');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('320100','南京市','320000');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('320102','玄武区','320100');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('320103','白下区','320100');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('321300','宿迁市','320000');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('321322','沭阳县','321300');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('321323','泗阳县','321300');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('140100','太原市','140000');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('140106','迎泽区','140100');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('140108','尖草坪区','140100');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('140800','运城市','140000');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('140823','闻喜县','140800');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('140828','夏 县','140800');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('130100','石家庄市','130000');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('130127','高邑县','130100');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('130185','鹿泉市','130100');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('131000','廊坊市','130000');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('131003','广阳区','131000');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('131022','固安县','131000');
CREATE TABLE `tb_student` (
`s_id` INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '学生ID',
`sname` VARCHAR(50) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '姓名',
`age` INT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '年龄',
`birthday` DATETIME DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '生日',
`gender` CHAR(1) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '性别',
`c_id` INT DEFAULT NULL,
`city_ids` VARCHAR(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '城市:320000,321300,321322'
);
INSERT INTO `tb_student`(`s_id`,`sname`,`age`,`birthday`,`gender`,`c_id`,`city_ids`) VALUES (1,'赵三33',21,'2001-01-17 00:00:00','1',1,'320000,321300,321322');
INSERT INTO `tb_student`(`s_id`,`sname`,`age`,`birthday`,`gender`,`c_id`,`city_ids`) VALUES (2,'钱四444',1900,'2001-05-16 00:00:00','1',2,'320000,321300,321322');
INSERT INTO `tb_student`(`s_id`,`sname`,`age`,`birthday`,`gender`,`c_id`,`city_ids`) VALUES (3,'孙五56',189,'2022-03-15 00:00:00','0',1,'320000,321300,321322');
INSERT INTO `tb_student`(`s_id`,`sname`,`age`,`birthday`,`gender`,`c_id`,`city_ids`) VALUES (4,'张三',20,'2020-12-21 00:00:00','0',2,'320000,321300,321322');
INSERT INTO `tb_student`(`s_id`,`sname`,`age`,`birthday`,`gender`,`c_id`,`city_ids`) VALUES (5,'xxx',18,'2020-12-21 00:00:00','0',2,'140000,140800,140823');
INSERT INTO `tb_student`(`s_id`,`sname`,`age`,`birthday`,`gender`,`c_id`,`city_ids`) VALUES (6,'123',18,'2020-11-01 00:00:00','0',3,'130000,130100,130127');
INSERT INTO `tb_student`(`s_id`,`sname`,`age`,`birthday`,`gender`,`c_id`,`city_ids`) VALUES (7,'xx',18,'2020-11-02 00:00:00','0',1,'130000,131000,131003');
CREATE TABLE `tb_course` (
`c_id` INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY COMMENT '课程ID',
`cname` VARCHAR(50) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '课程称号',
`desc` VARCHAR(100) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '课程描述'
);
INSERT INTO `tb_course`(`c_id`,`cname`,`desc`) VALUES (1,'Java根底','JavaSE一切课程');
INSERT INTO `tb_course`(`c_id`,`cname`,`desc`) VALUES (2,'JavaWeb','Java Web 一切课程');
INSERT INTO `tb_course`(`c_id`,`cname`,`desc`) VALUES (3,'SSM','Spring Mvc、Spring、MyBatis一切课程');
CREATE TABLE `tb_student_course` (
`s_id` INT NOT NULL COMMENT '学生ID',
`c_id` INT NOT NULL COMMENT '课程ID',
`score` DOUBLE DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`s_id`,`c_id`)
);
INSERT INTO tb_student_course(s_id,c_id,score) VALUES(1,1,100);
INSERT INTO tb_student_course(s_id,c_id,score) VALUES(1,2,95);
INSERT INTO tb_student_course(s_id,c_id,score) VALUES(1,3,NULL);
INSERT INTO tb_student_course(s_id,c_id,score) VALUES(2,1,100);
INSERT INTO tb_student_course(s_id,c_id,score) VALUES(2,2,95);
INSERT INTO tb_student_course(s_id,c_id,score) VALUES(2,3,100);
INSERT INTO tb_student_course(s_id,c_id,score) VALUES(3,1,80);
INSERT INTO tb_student_course(s_id,c_id,score) VALUES(3,2,NULL);
INSERT INTO tb_student_course(s_id,c_id,score) VALUES(3,3,90);
1.3 前端环境
首先,咱们需要建立前端环境来实现用户界面和交互。在本教程中,咱们选择运用Vue.js作为前端结构来构建学生办理体系的前端运用。首先,确保已装置Node.js和npm(Node包办理器)。
1.3.1 项目
- 创立项目
- 修正装备
1.3.2 axios
- 装置
- 装备
1.3.3 elementui
-
装置
-
装备
“`js import Vue from ‘vue’ // 2 element ui // 2.1 导入element ui的一切组件 import ElementUI from ‘element-ui’; // 2.2 导入组件配套的css款式 import ‘element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.css’;
import App from './App.vue'
import router from './router'
import store from './store'
// 1.1 导入axios
import axios from 'axios'
// 1.2 设置访问途径前缀(baseURL)
axios.defaults.baseURL = 'http://localhost:8080'
// 1.3 设置到vue中,便利访问
Vue.prototype.$http = axios
// 2.3 将element 一切组件运用到vue环境中
Vue.use(ElementUI);
```
-
测验
1.3.4 布局
-
需求:
-
设置重置款式
-
创立首页
-
创立登录页
-
修正App.vue,设置一级路由
```vue
<template>
<div id="app">
<!-- 设置路由视图,用于显现指定的路由对应页面 -->
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
}
</script>
<style>
/* 满屏填充款式 */
html, body, #app {
height: 100%;
}
</style>
```
-
修正Home.vue,用于显现布局页面
```vue
<template>
<el-container>
<el-header>Header</el-header>
<el-container>
<el-aside width="200px">Aside</el-aside>
<el-main>Main</el-main>
</el-container>
</el-container>
</template>
<script>
export default {
}
</script>
<style>
/* 满屏填充款式 */
.el-container {
height: 100%;
}
.el-header, .el-footer {
background-color: #B3C0D1;
color: #333;
text-align: center;
line-height: 60px;
}
.el-aside {
background-color: #D3DCE6;
color: #333;
text-align: center;
line-height: 200px;
}
.el-main {
background-color: #E9EEF3;
color: #333;
text-align: center;
line-height: 160px;
}
</style>
```
-
修正Login.vue页面,暂时供给模板
<template> <div>登录页面</div> </template> <script> export default { } </script> <style> </style>
1.3.5 菜单
<!--菜单start-->
<el-menu
default-active="/"
class="el-menu-vertical-demo"
background-color="#545c64"
router
text-color="#fff"
active-text-color="#ffd04b">
<el-submenu index="/classes">
<template slot="title">
<i class="el-icon-location"></i>
<span>班级办理</span>
</template>
<el-menu-item index="/classesList">班级列表</el-menu-item>
<el-menu-item index="/classesAdd">增加班级</el-menu-item>
</el-submenu>
<el-submenu index="/student">
<template slot="title">
<i class="el-icon-location"></i>
<span>学生办理</span>
</template>
<el-menu-item index="/studentList">学生列表</el-menu-item>
<el-menu-item index="/studentAdd">增加学生</el-menu-item>
</el-submenu>
</el-menu>
<!--菜单end-->
1.3.6 二级路由
-
当时路由装备的子路由,称为二级路由。二级路由能够显现当时路由所设置的路由视图中。
-
装备二级路由
-
```js
const routes = [
{
path: '/',
name: '首页',
component: () => import('../views/Home.vue'),
children: [
{
path: '/classesList',
name: '班级列表',
component: () => import('../views/classes/ClassesList.vue')
},
{
path: '/classesAdd',
name: '增加班级',
component: () => import('../views/classes/ClassesAdd.vue')
},
{
path: '/studentList',
name: '学生列表',
component: () => import('../views/student/StudentList.vue')
},
{
path: '/studentAdd',
name: '增加学生',
component: () => import('../views/student/StudentAdd.vue')
}
]
},
{
path: '/login',
name: '登录页面',
component: () => import('../views/Login.vue')
}
]
```
* 编写二级路由显现视图
-
创立对应页面
经过本文,咱们介绍了怎么建立学生办理体系的前后端环境。前端环境运用Vue.js作为首要的前端结构,并经过Vue CLI工具创立和办理项目。后端环境运用Java言语,凭借Spring Boot和Spring Data JPA建立Web运用并与数据库进行交互。