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binder是一个非常好的跨进程通讯东西,Android对其进行了各种封装,虽然咱们用起来简略,但是了解起来却比较困难。

1.自己规划一个跨进程通讯机制

在了解binder之前呢,首要咱们想一下,假如咱们自己规划一个跨进程通讯的机制,那咱们会怎样规划呢? 假如是我的话,我可能会按照下图规划。

binder调用流程分析
图中左面是客户端,右边是服务端,客户端想要调用服务端的call函数,首要咱们需求先将函数名称以及参数值进行序列化,然后再运用linux体系所供给的跨进程通讯办法,例如socket或者是管道,将这些序列化过后的数据传递给服务端,然后服务端拿到这些数据之后,首要进行反序列化,然后再调用相应的函数,将回来值回来给客户端。 其实和咱们运用网络拜访服务器的结构很像。 接着咱们来看下binder的通讯流程。

2.跨进程通讯流程

1.生成AIDL文件

首要咱们新建一个AIDL文件,

interface IFile {
     Bitmap getBitmap(String path);
}

然后build过后,体系会主动帮咱们生成一个IFile.java文件

public interface IFile extends android.os.IInterface {
    /**
     *承继binder,完成IFile接口,运转于服务端
     */
    public static abstract class Stub extends android.os.Binder implements com.android.hdemo.IFile {
        private static final java.lang.String DESCRIPTOR = "com.android.hdemo.IFile";
        /**
         * Construct the stub at attach it to the interface.
         */
        public Stub() {
            this.attachInterface(this, DESCRIPTOR);
        }
        /**
         * Cast an IBinder object into an com.android.hdemo.IFile interface,
         * generating a proxy if needed.
         */
        public static com.android.hdemo.IFile asInterface(android.os.IBinder obj) {
            if ((obj == null)) {
                return null;
            }
            android.os.IInterface iin = obj.queryLocalInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
            if (((iin != null) && (iin instanceof com.android.hdemo.IFile))) {
                return ((com.android.hdemo.IFile) iin);
            }
            return new com.android.hdemo.IFile.Stub.Proxy(obj);
        }
        @Override
        public android.os.IBinder asBinder() {
            return this;
        }
        @Override
        public boolean onTransact(int code, android.os.Parcel data, android.os.Parcel reply, int flags) throws android.os.RemoteException {
            switch (code) {
                case INTERFACE_TRANSACTION: {
                    reply.writeString(DESCRIPTOR);
                    return true;
                }
                case TRANSACTION_getBitmap: {
                    data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
                    java.lang.String _arg0;
                    _arg0 = data.readString();
                    android.graphics.Bitmap _result = this.getBitmap(_arg0);
                    reply.writeNoException();
                    if ((_result != null)) {
                        reply.writeInt(1);
                        _result.writeToParcel(reply, android.os.Parcelable.PARCELABLE_WRITE_RETURN_VALUE);
                    } else {
                        reply.writeInt(0);
                    }
                    return true;
                }
            }
            return super.onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
        }
        //完成IFile接口,运转于客户端
        private static class Proxy implements com.android.hdemo.IFile {
            private android.os.IBinder mRemote;
            Proxy(android.os.IBinder remote) {
                mRemote = remote;
            }
            @Override
            public android.os.IBinder asBinder() {
                return mRemote;
            }
            public java.lang.String getInterfaceDescriptor() {
                return DESCRIPTOR;
            }
            @Override
            public android.graphics.Bitmap getBitmap(java.lang.String path) throws android.os.RemoteException {
                android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
                android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
                android.graphics.Bitmap _result;
                try {
                    _data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR);
                    _data.writeString(path);
                    mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_getBitmap, _data, _reply, 0);
                    _reply.readException();
                    if ((0 != _reply.readInt())) {
                        _result = android.graphics.Bitmap.CREATOR.createFromParcel(_reply);
                    } else {
                        _result = null;
                    }
                } finally {
                    _reply.recycle();
                    _data.recycle();
                }
                return _result;
            }
        }
        static final int TRANSACTION_getBitmap = (android.os.IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 0);
    }
    public android.graphics.Bitmap getBitmap(java.lang.String path) throws android.os.RemoteException;
}

生成的代码结构并不复杂,IFile是一个接口,承继了android.os.IInterface,并加入了咱们自定义的接口办法getBitmap,IFile中包括一个静态抽象类Stub,Stub又包括一个静态内部类Proxy。Stub承继binder,完成IFile接口,运转于服务端,Proxy完成IFile接口,运转于客户端。 接着咱们来看一下从客户端到服务端的整个流程

2.从客户端到服务端

客户端

首要来看下咱们是如何来获取服务的,从注释1处能够看出,客户端拿到binder目标之后,调用asInterface办法将其转换成本地的IFile目标。

Intent intent = new Intent(this,TestService.class);
this.bindService(intent, new ServiceConnection() {
    @Override
    public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
        try {
            //1
            IFile iFile = IFile.Stub.asInterface(service);
            iFile.getBitmap("");
        }catch (Exception e){
        }
    }
    @Override
    public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
    }
}, Service.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);

而asInterface是体系生成的代码,从下面注释1处能够看出,假如客户端和服务端在同一个进程,则直接将binder强转成本地接口目标,否则回来Proxy目标。如注释2所示,Proxy的getFile办法会调用mRemote.transact办法,mRemote是一个binder目标,其真实的完成是BinderProxy。

public static com.android.hdemo.IFile asInterface(android.os.IBinder obj) {
    if ((obj == null)) {
        return null;
    }
    //1.假如客户端和服务端在同一个进程,则直接调用,否则运用Proxy
    android.os.IInterface iin = obj.queryLocalInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
    if (((iin != null) && (iin instanceof com.android.hdemo.IFile))) {
        return ((com.android.hdemo.IFile) iin);
    }
    return new com.android.hdemo.IFile.Stub.Proxy(obj);
}
//Proxy
private static class Proxy implements com.android.hdemo.IFile {
    private android.os.IBinder mRemote;
    Proxy(android.os.IBinder remote) {
        mRemote = remote;
    }
    @Override
    public android.os.IBinder asBinder() {
        return mRemote;
    }
    public java.lang.String getInterfaceDescriptor() {
        return DESCRIPTOR;
    }
    @Override
    public android.graphics.Bitmap getBitmap(java.lang.String path) throws android.os.RemoteException {
        android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
        android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
        android.graphics.Bitmap _result;
        try {
            _data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR);
            _data.writeString(path);
            //2.调用binder的transact办法
            mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_getBitmap, _data, _reply, 0);
            _reply.readException();
            if ((0 != _reply.readInt())) {
                _result = android.graphics.Bitmap.CREATOR.createFromParcel(_reply);
            } else {
                _result = null;
            }
        } finally {
            _reply.recycle();
            _data.recycle();
        }
        return _result;
    }
}

BinderProxy的transact办法会调用transactNative办法,最终会调用native层的BpBinder的transact办法,然后由BpBinder和binder驱动进行交互。

//BinderProxy
public boolean transact(int code, Parcel data, Parcel reply, int flags) throws RemoteException {
    ......
    try {
        return transactNative(code, data, reply, flags);
    } finally {
        ......
    }
}
//Native层BpBinder
status_t BpBinder::transact(
    uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags)
{
    // Once a binder has died, it will never come back to life.
    if (mAlive) {
        bool privateVendor = flags & FLAG_PRIVATE_VENDOR;
        // don't send userspace flags to the kernel
        flags = flags & ~FLAG_PRIVATE_VENDOR;
        // user transactions require a given stability level
        if (code >= FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION && code <= LAST_CALL_TRANSACTION) {
            using android::internal::Stability;
            auto stability = Stability::get(this);
            auto required = privateVendor ? Stability::VENDOR : Stability::kLocalStability;
            if (CC_UNLIKELY(!Stability::check(stability, required))) {
                ALOGE("Cannot do a user transaction on a %s binder in a %s context.",
                    Stability::stabilityString(stability).c_str(),
                    Stability::stabilityString(required).c_str());
                return BAD_TYPE;
            }
        }
        status_t status = IPCThreadState::self()->transact(
            mHandle, code, data, reply, flags);
        if (status == DEAD_OBJECT) mAlive = 0;
        return status;
    }
    return DEAD_OBJECT;
}

服务端

binder驱动收到请求之后会调用native层BBinder的onTransact办法,

status_t BBinder::onTransact(
    uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t /*flags*/)
{
    switch (code) {
        case INTERFACE_TRANSACTION:
            reply->writeString16(getInterfaceDescriptor());
            return NO_ERROR;
        case DUMP_TRANSACTION: {
            int fd = data.readFileDescriptor();
            int argc = data.readInt32();
            Vector<String16> args;
            for (int i = 0; i < argc && data.dataAvail() > 0; i++) {
               args.add(data.readString16());
            }
            return dump(fd, args);
        }
        case SHELL_COMMAND_TRANSACTION: {
            int in = data.readFileDescriptor();
            int out = data.readFileDescriptor();
            int err = data.readFileDescriptor();
            int argc = data.readInt32();
            Vector<String16> args;
            for (int i = 0; i < argc && data.dataAvail() > 0; i++) {
               args.add(data.readString16());
            }
            sp<IShellCallback> shellCallback = IShellCallback::asInterface(
                    data.readStrongBinder());
            sp<IResultReceiver> resultReceiver = IResultReceiver::asInterface(
                    data.readStrongBinder());
            // XXX can't add virtuals until binaries are updated.
            //return shellCommand(in, out, err, args, resultReceiver);
            (void)in;
            (void)out;
            (void)err;
            if (resultReceiver != nullptr) {
                resultReceiver->send(INVALID_OPERATION);
            }
            return NO_ERROR;
        }
        case SYSPROPS_TRANSACTION: {
            report_sysprop_change();
            return NO_ERROR;
        }
        default:
            return UNKNOWN_TRANSACTION;
    }
}

接着会回掉到java层的onTransact办法,如下注释1所示,this.getBitmap(_arg0)为Stub类的办法,从服务端获取到图片,然后在注释2处,将bitmap写入到回来值。

public boolean onTransact(int code, android.os.Parcel data, android.os.Parcel reply, int flags) throws android.os.RemoteException {
    switch (code) {
        case INTERFACE_TRANSACTION: {
            reply.writeString(DESCRIPTOR);
            return true;
        }
        case TRANSACTION_getBitmap: {
            data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
            java.lang.String _arg0;
            _arg0 = data.readString();
            //1.服务端获取的bitmap
            android.graphics.Bitmap _result = this.getBitmap(_arg0);
            reply.writeNoException();
            if ((_result != null)) {
                reply.writeInt(1);
                //2.将bitmap写入回来值
                _result.writeToParcel(reply, android.os.Parcelable.PARCELABLE_WRITE_RETURN_VALUE);
            } else {
                reply.writeInt(0);
            }
            return true;
        }
    }
    return super.onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
}

咱们再来看下service的定义,当绑定到一个service之后,回来的Stub目标,完成了getBitmap办法,回来了本地的bitmap。

public class TestService extends Service {
    @Nullable
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return new IFile.Stub() {
            @Override
            public Bitmap getBitmap(String path) throws RemoteException {
                //1.回来本地bitmap
                return mBitmap;
            }
        };
    }
}

这样从客户端到服务端的流程就走完了,咱们看下它的流程图

binder调用流程分析

3.binder的优势

linux自身供给了很多跨进程通讯的办法,例如socket,同享内存,管道之类的,那为啥还要再弄出个binder呢,有以下几点

方便

binder运用起来关于开发者来说非常的友好,隐藏了底层的完成细节,咱们只需求重视于事务逻辑即可。

高效

binder通讯过程中,将内存一起映射到内核和使用进程当中,只需求复制一次即可。而socket和管道均需求从使用进程复制到内核,再从内核复制到使用进程,需求两次复制,同享内存不需求数据复制,但运用起来比较复杂。

安全

调用方的身份符号由binder机制自身在内核态中增加,调用方不能自己更改。咱们能够通过Binder获取到调用方的uid和pid,从而进行权限控制。

参阅: /post/684490… blog.csdn.net/m0_66264169…